An Energy Efficiency Routing Algorithm for increasing area and frequency of Wireless Sensor Networks

The key challenge in wireless sensor network protocol design is to provide energy efficient communication, as most of the nodes in sensor networks have limited battery power and it is not feasible to recharge or replace the batteries. There are so many levels of power consumption in sensor networks like as: idle listening, retransmissions resulting from collisions, control packet overhead, unnecessarily high transmitting power and sub-optimal utilization of the available resources. By definition, sensor nodes are deployed in an ad hoc fashion, with individual nodes remaining largely inactive for long periods of time. In order to minimize power consumed during idle listening, some nodes, which can be considered redundant, can be put to sleep. Therefore, the energy of the nodes and the network needs to be conserved. The idea is sensor nodes dynamically create on-off schedules such that the nodes will be awake only when they are needed. This also limits the collisions; therefore, the energy consumed during retransmissions can be saved. Although, it seems best way to limit consumed energy and the main consideration should be energy efficiency, the other Quality of Service (QoS) issues have to be considered. The key design considerations for duty cycle control protocol design are scheduling and routing. The research through this paper will be focused on routing protocol for modern high speed integrated wireless sensor networks.