The Integration of Blockchain Technology and Smart Grid: Framework and Application

Based on the diffusion of blockchain technology in the smart grid, this paper studies the framework and application of the blockchain technology in the smart grid, so as to combine the blockchain with the smart grid and establish a sustainable supply chain. However, the establishment of a sustainable supply chain is based on a layered theoretical framework. Not only should the framework take into account needless attributes and the relationship among various criteria and aspects but the application should also involve a balance of multiple stakeholders. For the above reasons, this paper uses a combination of Fuzzy-DEMATEL and ISM. The results show that (1) the hierarchical path of sustainable supply chain management of the smart grid under the blockchain starts from the social level, pays attention to system construction, grasps the technical standards, and defines the development goals of the power grid. (2) The development of green energy has become a new market growth point. (3) The control of the operation level becomes the focus of the smart grid. (4) The optimization and development of the economic structure are restricted by social factors. By integrating and optimizing the blockchain and supply chain, this paper puts forward a theoretical framework, establishes a sustainable GIP application system with multistakeholder participation at the supply chain level, and indicates the significance of the blockchain in the smart grid.

[1]  Qi Xia,et al.  GridMonitoring: Secured Sovereign Blockchain Based Monitoring on Smart Grid , 2018, IEEE Access.

[2]  Christof Weinhardt,et al.  A blockchain-based smart grid: towards sustainable local energy markets , 2017, Computer Science - Research and Development.

[3]  Hong-Ning Dai,et al.  An Overview on Smart Contracts: Challenges, Advances and Platforms , 2019, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..

[4]  Vincent W. S. Wong,et al.  Autonomous Demand-Side Management Based on Game-Theoretic Energy Consumption Scheduling for the Future Smart Grid , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[5]  Vinay Chamola,et al.  Blockchain in Smart Grids: A Review on Different Use Cases , 2019, Sensors.

[6]  Keke Gai,et al.  Privacy-Preserving Energy Trading Using Consortium Blockchain in Smart Grid , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[7]  Wei-Wen Wu,et al.  Developing global managers' competencies using the fuzzy DEMATEL method , 2007, Expert Syst. Appl..

[8]  Yuemin Ding,et al.  Blockchain-based decentralized and secure keyless signature scheme for smart grid , 2019, Energy.

[9]  Jianchao Hou,et al.  How to improve the competiveness of distributed energy resources in China with blockchain technology , 2020 .

[10]  Marcel Antal,et al.  Blockchain Based Decentralized Management of Demand Response Programs in Smart Energy Grids , 2018, Sensors.

[11]  Timm Teubner,et al.  A 2020 perspective on "The limits of trust-free systems: A literature review on blockchain technology and trust in the sharing economy" , 2020, Electron. Commer. Res. Appl..

[12]  Miguel Castro,et al.  Practical byzantine fault tolerance and proactive recovery , 2002, TOCS.

[13]  Gaoqi LIANG,et al.  Blockchain: a secure, decentralized, trusted cyber infrastructure solution for future energy systems , 2018, Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy.

[14]  Hsi-Peng Lu,et al.  Smart manufacturing technology, market maturity analysis and technology roadmap in the computer and electronic product manufacturing industry , 2018, Technological Forecasting and Social Change.

[15]  Andreas Kamilaris,et al.  The Rise of Blockchain Technology in Agriculture and Food Supply Chains , 2019, Trends in Food Science & Technology.

[16]  George Q. Huang,et al.  Toward open manufacturing: A cross-enterprises knowledge and services exchange framework based on blockchain and edge computing , 2017, Ind. Manag. Data Syst..

[17]  Joseph Sarkis,et al.  Blockchain technology and its relationships to sustainable supply chain management , 2018, Int. J. Prod. Res..

[18]  S. Mann,et al.  Public governance of information asymmetries--The gap between reality and economic theory , 2010 .

[19]  Florian Hawlitschek,et al.  The limits of trust-free systems: A literature review on blockchain technology and trust in the sharing economy , 2018, Electron. Commer. Res. Appl..

[20]  F. Richard Yu,et al.  A Survey of Blockchain Technology Applied to Smart Cities: Research Issues and Challenges , 2019, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[21]  Rima Kilany,et al.  The power of a blockchain-based supply chain , 2019, Comput. Ind. Eng..

[22]  Felix Wortmann,et al.  Trading solar energy within the neighborhood: field implementation of a blockchain-based electricity market , 2019, Energy Inform..

[23]  Thomas Wolfgang Thurner,et al.  Blockchain and the future of energy , 2019, Technology in Society.

[24]  Subhasis Thakur,et al.  Co-simulation of electricity distribution networks and peer to peer energy trading platforms , 2020 .

[25]  Nir Kshetri,et al.  Will blockchain emerge as a tool to break the poverty chain in the Global South? , 2017 .

[26]  Yuhong Li,et al.  A Blockchain-based Architecture for Stable and Trustworthy Smart Grid , 2019, Procedia Computer Science.

[27]  S.M.T. Bathaee,et al.  Techno-economic optimization of hybrid photovoltaic/wind generation together with energy storage system in a stand-alone micro-grid subjected to demand response , 2017 .

[28]  Stephan M. Wagner,et al.  Blockchain and supply chain relations: A transaction cost theory perspective , 2019, Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management.

[29]  Jeannette Paschen,et al.  How blockchain technologies impact your business model , 2019, Business Horizons.

[30]  Günther Pernul,et al.  A secure and auditable logging infrastructure based on a permissioned blockchain , 2019, Comput. Secur..

[31]  Daniel Bumblauskas,et al.  A blockchain use case in food distribution: Do you know where your food has been? , 2020, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

[32]  Willy Susilo,et al.  Blockchain-based fair payment smart contract for public cloud storage auditing , 2020, Inf. Sci..

[33]  D. Helbing,et al.  Unintended Side Effects of the Digital Transition: European Scientists’ Messages from a Proposition-Based Expert Round Table , 2018, Sustainability.

[34]  Gülçin Büyüközkan,et al.  A novel hybrid MCDM approach based on fuzzy DEMATEL, fuzzy ANP and fuzzy TOPSIS to evaluate green suppliers , 2012, Expert Syst. Appl..

[35]  G. Dileep,et al.  A survey on smart grid technologies and applications , 2020, Renewable Energy.

[36]  Mahdi Karbasian,et al.  The application of ISM model in evaluating agile suppliers selection criteria and ranking suppliers using fuzzy TOPSIS-AHP methods , 2015, Expert Syst. Appl..

[37]  Armin Jabbarzadeh,et al.  Green and Resilient Design of Electricity Supply Chain Networks: A Multiobjective Robust Optimization Approach , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management.

[38]  Michele A. Mutchek,et al.  Design Space Characterization for Meeting Cost and Carbon Reduction Goals , 2010 .

[39]  Vincent W. S. Wong,et al.  Optimal Real-Time Pricing Algorithm Based on Utility Maximization for Smart Grid , 2010, 2010 First IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications.

[40]  Stephen Hall,et al.  Values in the Smart Grid: The co-evolving political economy of smart distribution , 2014 .

[41]  Aleksandra Labus,et al.  Supply chain intelligence for electricity markets: A smart grid perspective , 2015, Information Systems Frontiers.

[42]  S. Sharma,et al.  Blockchain for smart cities: A review of architectures, integration trends and future research directions , 2020 .

[43]  Yu-Chung Tsao,et al.  Power supply chain network design problem for smart grid considering differential pricing and buy-back policies , 2019 .

[44]  Prof Vikas Kumar,et al.  Exploring the rise of blockchain technology: Towards distributed collaborative organizations , 2017 .

[45]  Roman Beck,et al.  Blockchain - the Gateway to Trust-Free Cryptographic Transactions , 2016, ECIS.

[46]  Surya Prakash Singh,et al.  Blockchain critical success factors for sustainable supply chain , 2020 .

[47]  Boqiang Lin,et al.  Incorporating energy rebound effect in technological advancement and green building construction: A case study of China , 2016 .

[48]  Xiaonan Wang,et al.  Energy Demand Side Management within micro-grid networks enhanced by blockchain , 2018, Applied Energy.

[49]  Gwo-Hshiung Tzeng,et al.  Compromise solution by MCDM methods: A comparative analysis of VIKOR and TOPSIS , 2004, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[50]  R. Plana,et al.  The green blockchain: Managing decentralized energy production and consumption , 2017, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2017 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe).