Age-of-acquisition norms for a set of 1,749 Portuguese words

Age of acquisition (AoA) is an important psycholinguistic variable that affects the speed and accuracy of lexical processing in tasks such as word naming, picture naming, and lexical decision. In the present work, we collected AoA ratings for 1,749 Portuguese words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs), using a 9-point scale that was first proposed by Carroll and White (1973). We analyzed the relation between AoA ratings and other psycholinguistic variables (length measures, neighborhood density, written-word frequency, familiarity, imageability, and concreteness), and we assessed reliability by correlating our ratings with those from other databases presented for Portuguese, English, Spanish, and Italian. The full database can be downloaded from http://brm.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental.

[1]  Erminio Capitani,et al.  Objective versus estimated age of word acquisition: A study of 202 Italian children , 2005, Behavior research methods.

[2]  Ilhan Raman,et al.  On the age-of-acquisition effects in word naming and orthographic transparency: Mapping specific or universal? , 2006 .

[3]  Catriona M. Morrison,et al.  Two age of acquisition effects in the reading of Japanese Kanji , 1997 .

[4]  Marc Brysbaert,et al.  Age-of-acquisition ratings for 2816 Dutch four- and five-letter nouns , 2000 .

[5]  Martial Mermillod,et al.  Psycholinguistic norms and face naming times for photographs of celebrities in French , 2008, Behavior research methods.

[6]  Christopher Barry,et al.  The influence of age of acquisition in word reading and other tasks : A never ending story ? , 2004 .

[7]  M. L. Lambon Ralph,et al.  Age of acquisition effects depend on the mapping between representations and the frequency of occurrence: Empirical and computational evidence , 2006 .

[8]  Christopher Barry,et al.  Naming the Snodgrass and Vanderwart Pictures: Effects of Age of Acquisition, Frequency, and Name Agreement , 1997 .

[9]  Andrew W. Ellis,et al.  ROLES OF WORD FREQUENCY AND AGE OF ACQUISITION IN WORD NAMING AND LEXICAL DECISION , 1995 .

[10]  Patrick Bonin,et al.  Objective age-of-acquisition (AoA) norms for a set of 230 object names in French: Relationships with psycholinguistic variables, the English data from Morrison et al. (1997), and naming latencies , 2003 .

[11]  Miguel A. Perez,et al.  Objective-AoA norms for 175 names in Spanish: relationships with other psycholinguistic variables, estimated AoA, and data from other languages , 2005 .

[12]  Michael J Cortese,et al.  Age of acquisition ratings for 3,000 monosyllabic words , 2008, Behavior research methods.

[13]  J. Carroll,et al.  Word Frequency and Age of Acquisition as Determiners of Picture-Naming Latency , 1973 .

[14]  G. Sartori,et al.  Semantic relevance best predicts normal and abnormal name retrieval , 2005, Neuropsychologia.

[15]  Patrick Bonin,et al.  French normative data and naming times for action pictures , 2004, Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.

[16]  E. Bates,et al.  Picture Naming and Lexical Access in Italian Children and Adults , 2001 .

[17]  Marc Brysbaert,et al.  The effects of age-of-acquisition and frequency-of-occurrence in visual word recognition: Further evidence from the Dutch language , 2000 .

[18]  J. Pind,et al.  Icelandic norms for the Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980) pictures: name and image agreement, familiarity, and age of acquisition. , 2000, Scandinavian journal of psychology.

[19]  Mark S. Seidenberg,et al.  Age of Acquisition Effects in Word Reading and Other Tasks , 2002 .

[20]  J. Frederico Marques,et al.  Estimated age of acquisition norms for 834 Portuguese nouns and their relation with other psycholinguistic variables , 2007, Behavior research methods.

[21]  Jelena Havelka,et al.  Age of acquisition in naming Japanese words , 2006 .

[22]  Andrew W. Ellis,et al.  Age of acquisition and lexical processing in aphasia: a case study , 1994 .

[23]  Dedre Gentner,et al.  Why Nouns Are Learned before Verbs: Linguistic Relativity Versus Natural Partitioning. Technical Report No. 257. , 1982 .

[24]  Michael J Cortese,et al.  Age of acquisition predicts naming and lexical-decision performance above and beyond 22 other predictor variables: An analysis of 2,342 words , 2007, Quarterly journal of experimental psychology.

[25]  Andrew W. Ellis,et al.  Age of Acquisition Norms for a Large Set of Object Names and Their Relation to Adult Estimates and Other Variables , 1997 .

[26]  Marc Brysbaert,et al.  Age-of-acquisition and subjective frequency estimates for all generally known monosyllabic French words and their relation with other psycholinguistic variables , 2008, Behavior research methods.

[27]  H. Stadthagen-González,et al.  The Bristol norms for age of acquisition, imageability, and familiarity , 2006, Behavior research methods.

[28]  Miguel A. Perez.  Age of acquisition persists as the main factor in picture naming when cumulative word frequency and frequency trajectory are controlled , 2007, Quarterly journal of experimental psychology.

[29]  R. Johnston,et al.  Effects of age of acquisition, age, and repetition priming on object naming , 2006 .

[30]  Fernando Cuetos,et al.  Word naming in Spanish , 2006 .

[31]  Susan Dunlap,et al.  Age of acquisition effects in reading Chinese: evidence in favour of the arbitrary mapping hypothesis. , 2007, British Journal of Psychology.

[32]  L. Chanquoy,et al.  Normes d’âge d’acquisition objectif des mots et recherche de prédicteurs : importance du choix de la base de fréquence lexicale , 2007 .

[33]  Gert Storms,et al.  Age-of-acquisition differences in young and older adults affect latencies in lexical decision and semantic categorization. , 2007, Acta psychologica.

[34]  A. Ellis,et al.  What exactly interacts with spelling-sound consistency in word naming? , 2002, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.

[35]  São Luís Castro,et al.  Porlex, a lexical database in european portuguese , 2003 .

[36]  Catriona M. Morrison,et al.  Real age of acquisition effects in word naming and lexical decision. , 2000, British journal of psychology.

[37]  S. Gerhand,et al.  Age of acquisition, word frequency, and the role of phonology in the lexical decision task , 1999, Memory & cognition.

[38]  D. Howard,et al.  Age of acquisition and imageability ratings for a large set of words, including verbs and function words , 2001, Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.

[39]  A W Ellis,et al.  Contrasting effects of age of acquisition and word frequency on auditory and visual lexical decision , 1998, Memory & cognition.

[40]  A. Ellis,et al.  Age of acquisition and typicality effects in three object processing tasks , 2006 .

[41]  Cristina Burani,et al.  Word naming times and psycholinguistic norms for Italian nouns , 2002, Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.

[42]  Andrew W. Ellis,et al.  Age of acquisition and the completeness of phonological representations , 2002 .

[43]  Paul Gelderloos,et al.  The transcendental meditation and TM-Sidhi program and reported experiences of transcendental consciousness , 1989 .