Requirements for destination management organizations in destination governance: Understanding DMO success

Abstract In current conceptualizations of destination management, destination management organizations (DMOs) are required to act as network managers. Previous research claims that DMOs capable of actively fostering collaboration between destination stakeholders are key to ensuring a destination's competitiveness. Yet, empirical investigations concerning the role of DMO success in establishing the competitiveness of destinations are rare. Even less is known about determinants of DMO success. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to better understand DMO and destination success by investigating the role played by networking capability. One key insight is that the effect of networking capability works through increased DMO authority, i.e. enhanced power and acceptance of the DMO within the destination network. Besides the advances in terms of content, our research also offers a relevant methodological contribution by introducing a recently developed approach in mediation analysis, which has so far received little attention in the tourism literature.

[1]  Roger W. Johnson,et al.  An Introduction to the Bootstrap , 2001 .

[2]  O. Williamson Comparative Economic Organization: The Analysis of Discrete Structural Alternatives , 1994 .

[3]  G. Crouch,et al.  The competitive destination: A sustainability perspective , 2000 .

[4]  P. Beritelli Cooperation among prominent actors in a tourist destination , 2011 .

[5]  K. Bollen,et al.  DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS: CLASSICAL AND BOOTSTRAP ESTIMATES OF VARIABILITY , 1990 .

[6]  Haiyan Song,et al.  A Mediation Model of Tourists' Repurchase Intentions for Packaged Tour Services , 2009 .

[7]  J. Elliot Politics, power, and tourism in Thailand , 1983 .

[8]  D. Stoffer,et al.  Bootstrapping State-Space Models: Gaussian Maximum Likelihood Estimation and the Kalman Filter , 1991 .

[9]  R. Ford,et al.  Power asymmetries in tourism distribution networks , 2012 .

[10]  L. Dwyer,et al.  Destination Competitiveness: Determinants and Indicators , 2003 .

[11]  A. Hayes Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical Mediation Analysis in the New Millennium , 2009 .

[12]  M. Sobel Asymptotic Confidence Intervals for Indirect Effects in Structural Equation Models , 1982 .

[13]  Ruggero Sainaghi Hotel performance: state of the art , 2010 .

[14]  H. Pechlaner The competitiveness of alpine destinations between market pressure and problems of adaptation. , 1999 .

[15]  Kristopher J Preacher,et al.  Statistical mediation analysis with a multicategorical independent variable. , 2014, The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology.

[16]  Donald Getz,et al.  COLLABORATION THEORY AND COMMUNITY TOURISM PLANNING , 1995 .

[17]  Pietro Beritelli,et al.  Size matters! Increasing DMO effectiveness and extending tourism destination boundaries. , 2009 .

[18]  M. Enright,et al.  Tourism destination competitiveness: a quantitative approach , 2004 .

[19]  M. Miller,et al.  POWER AND TOURISM A Foucauldian Observation , 2000 .

[20]  Kristopher J Preacher,et al.  Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models , 2008, Behavior research methods.

[21]  C. Laesser,et al.  Destination Governance: Using Corporate Governance Theories as a Foundation for Effective Destination Management , 2007 .

[22]  R. Butler The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution: implications for management of resources. , 1980 .

[23]  Pietro Beritelli,et al.  Power dimensions and influence reputation in tourist destinations: empirical evidence from a network of actors and stakeholders , 2011 .

[24]  Michael R Chernick,et al.  Bootstrap Methods: A Guide for Practitioners and Researchers , 2007 .

[25]  Yi-Chun Lin,et al.  Promoting service quality in tourist hotels: the role of HRM practices and service behavior , 2004 .

[26]  P. Shrout,et al.  Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: new procedures and recommendations. , 2002, Psychological methods.

[27]  K. Back The Effects of Image Congruence on Customers’ Brand Loyalty in the Upper Middle-Class Hotel Industry , 2005 .

[28]  David P Mackinnon,et al.  Confidence Limits for the Indirect Effect: Distribution of the Product and Resampling Methods , 2004, Multivariate behavioral research.

[29]  U. Gretzel,et al.  Preparing for the New Economy: Advertising Strategies and Change in Destination Marketing Organizations , 2000 .

[30]  N. Venkatraman,et al.  On the Measurement of Business Performance in Strategy Research: A Comparison of Approaches , 2015 .

[31]  F. Go,et al.  Tale of two cities’ collaborative tourism marketing: Towards a theory of destination stakeholder assessment , 2009 .

[32]  Chang‐yen Tsai,et al.  The role of international tourist perceptions of brand equity and travel intention in culinary tourism , 2012 .

[33]  B. Bramwell,et al.  Power and tourism policy relations in transition , 2007 .

[34]  Angelo Presenza,et al.  Towards a model of the roles and activities of Destination Management Organizations , 2005 .

[35]  J. R. Brent Ritchie,et al.  Determinants of tourism success for DMOs & destinations: An empirical examination of stakeholders' perspectives , 2010 .

[36]  Miyoung Jeong,et al.  Conceptualizing Web site quality and its consequences in the lodging industry , 2003 .

[37]  Andreas H. Zins,et al.  Cultural Tourism in Rural Communities: The Residents' Perspective , 1999 .

[38]  G. Crouch,et al.  The Competitive Destination: A Sustainable Tourism Perspective , 2003 .

[39]  S. West,et al.  A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. , 2002, Psychological methods.

[40]  H. Müller,et al.  Benchmarking for destination management organizations: the case of Swiss cities and Alpine destination management. , 2012 .

[41]  A. Zehrer,et al.  Applying a lifecycle perspective to explain tourism network development , 2010 .

[42]  M. Kozak,et al.  Measuring tourist destination competitiveness: conceptual considerations and empirical findings , 1999 .

[43]  Ruggero Sainaghi,et al.  From contents to processes: Versus a dynamic destination management model (DDMM) , 2006 .

[44]  D. A. Kenny,et al.  The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. , 1986, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[45]  P. Williams,et al.  Managing growth in mountain tourism communities. , 1994 .

[46]  E. Inskeep Tourism Planning: An Integrated and Sustainable Development Approach. Edward Inskeep. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 115 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10003. 1991. 508p , 1991 .

[47]  J. Mazanec,et al.  Tourism Destination Competitiveness: From Definition to Explanation? , 2007 .

[48]  J. Crompton,et al.  Quality, satisfaction and behavioral intentions , 2000 .

[49]  C. Chi,et al.  Examining the structural relationships of destination image, tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty: An integrated approach , 2008 .

[50]  J. Fletcher,et al.  The economic impact of tourism in the Seychelles , 1996 .

[51]  Scott B. MacKenzie,et al.  Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. , 2003, The Journal of applied psychology.

[52]  Dianne Dredge Policy Networks and the local organisation of tourism , 2006 .

[53]  U. Gretzel,et al.  Searching for the Future: Challenges Faced by Destination Marketing Organizations , 2006 .

[54]  O. Williamson Transaction-Cost Economics: The Governance of Contractual Relations , 1979, The Journal of Law and Economics.

[55]  Robert Mellor,et al.  ATTRIBUTES OF DESTINATION COMPETITIVENESS: A FACTOR ANALYSIS , 2004 .

[56]  M. Sobel Some New Results on Indirect Effects and Their Standard Errors in Covariance Structure Models , 1986 .

[57]  Elise Truly Sautter,et al.  Managing stakeholders a Tourism Planning Model , 1999 .

[58]  N. Scott,et al.  Tourist destination governance: Some approaches and suggestions for future research , 2011 .

[59]  Christine A. Hope,et al.  Strategic success in winter sports destinations: a sustainable value creation perspective. , 2001 .

[60]  Nishaal Gooroochurn,et al.  Competitiveness Indicators in the Travel and Tourism Industry , 2005 .

[61]  G. Crouch Destination Competitiveness: An Analysis of Determinant Attributes , 2011 .

[62]  Haemoon Oh The Effect of Brand Class, Brand Awareness, and Price on Customer Value and Behavioral Intentions , 2000 .

[63]  Minna Halme,et al.  LEARNING FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN TOURISM NETWORKS , 2001 .

[64]  Gyan P. Nyaupane,et al.  Power, regionalism and tourism policy in Bhutan , 2010 .

[65]  Maximilian Weber,et al.  Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft : Grundriss der verstehenden Soziologie , 1976 .

[66]  J. Pearce Host community acceptance of foreign tourists: Strategic considerations , 1980 .

[67]  T. Mihalič Environmental management of a tourist destination: A factor of tourism competitiveness , 2000 .

[68]  Maureen G. Reed,et al.  Power relations and community-based tourism planning , 1997 .

[69]  Stuart Levy,et al.  Destination Branding: Insights and Practices from Destination Management Organizations , 2005 .

[70]  Sara Nordin,et al.  Innovative Destination Governance , 2007 .

[71]  David Bejou,et al.  Tourism destination marketing alliances , 1995 .

[72]  Angelo Presenza,et al.  Analysing tourism stakeholders networks , 2010 .

[73]  H. Pechlaner,et al.  Destination management organizations as interface between destination governance and corporate governance , 2012 .

[74]  Haywantee Ramkissoon,et al.  Power, trust, social exchange and community support , 2012 .

[75]  P. Williams,et al.  Rethinking resort growth: understanding evolving governance strategies in Whistler, British Columbia , 2011 .

[76]  D. Kaplan Structural Equation Modeling: Foundations and Extensions , 2000 .

[77]  J. R. Brent Ritchie,et al.  Destination stakeholders: exploring identity and salience. , 2005 .

[78]  R. Eccles The performance measurement manifesto. , 1991, Harvard business review.

[79]  Donald J. Anderson,et al.  Roles, issues, and strategies for convention and visitors' bureaux in destination planning and product development: a survey of Canadian bureaux , 1998 .

[80]  R. Kaplan,et al.  The balanced scorecard--measures that drive performance. , 2015, Harvard business review.

[81]  Atìla Yüksel,et al.  Destination attachment: Effects on customer satisfaction and cognitive, affective and conative loyalty , 2010 .

[82]  Paul E. Spector Method Variance in Organizational Research , 2006 .

[83]  G. Moscardo The role of knowledge in good governance for tourism , 2011 .

[84]  M. Chernick,et al.  Revisiting Qualms about Bootstrap Confidence Intervals , 2009 .

[85]  D. Mackinnon,et al.  Equivalence of the Mediation, Confounding and Suppression Effect , 2000, Prevention Science.

[86]  N. Scott,et al.  Tourist destination governance: practice, theory and issues. , 2011 .

[87]  Geoffrey Wall,et al.  Marketing Tourism Destinations: A Strategic Planning Approach , 1992 .

[88]  Dianne Dredge,et al.  Destination place planning and design , 1999 .

[89]  B. Faulkner A Model for the Evaluation of National Tourism Destination Marketing Programs , 1997 .

[90]  M. Fuchs,et al.  Destination Benchmarking: An Indicator-System’s Potential for Exploring Guest Satisfaction , 2004 .