The Object-Z Specification Language

1 Introduction.- 1.1 Motivation.- 1.2 Classes.- 1.3 Objects.- 1.4 Inheritance.- 1.5 Polymorphism.- 1.6 Case Study: Tetris.- 2 Semantic Basis.- 2.1 Object Identity.- 2.1.1 Types and values.- 2.1.2 Forward declaration.- 2.1.3 Self-reference.- 2.2 Objects.- 2.2.1 Objects vs. object identities.- 2.2.2 Forward declaration revisited.- 2.3 Modularity and Compositionality.- 2.3.1 Object coupling.- 2.3.2 Object aliasing.- 2.3.3 Object containment.- 3 Syntactic Constructs.- 3.1 Class Definitions.- 3.2 Visibility Lists.- 3.3 Inherited Classes.- 3.3.1 Cancellation and redefinition of features.- 3.4 Local Definitions.- 3.4.1 Basic types.- 3.4.2 Axiomatic definitions.- 3.4.3 Abbreviation definitions.- 3.4.4 Free types.- 3.5 State Schemas.- 3.6 Initial State Schemas.- 3.7 Operations.- 3.7.1 Operation schemas.- 3.7.2 Operation promotions.- 3.7.3 Operation operators.- 3.7.4 Distributed operators.- 3.7.5 Recursion.- 3.8 Predicates.- 3.8.1 Boolean-valued expressions.- 3.8.2 Promoted initial state predicates.- 3.9 Expressions.- 3.9.1 Class names.- 3.9.2 Polymorphism.- 3.9.3 Class union.- 3.9.4 Object containment.- 3.9.5 Promoted attributes.- 3.9.6 Self.- 4 Language Definition.- 4.1 Meta-Functions.- 4.2 Global Paragraphs.- 4.3 Class Paragraphs.- 4.4 Operation Expressions.- 4.5 Predicates.- 4.6 Expressions.- 5 Concurrent Systems.- 5.1 Aggregation.- 5.2 Synchronization.- 5.3 Communication.- 5.4 Nondeterminism.- 5.5 Case Study: Hearts.- 6 Concrete Syntax.- 6.1 Specifications.- 6.2 Global Paragraphs.- 6.3 Class Paragraphs.- 6.4 Operation Expressions.- 6.5 Schema Expressions.- 6.6 Declarations.- 6.7 Predicates.- 6.8 Expressions.