Comparison of video protection methods for wireless networks

Abstract An experimental comparison of video protection methods targeted for wireless networks is presented. Basic methods are the data partitioning, reversible variable length coding, and macroblock row interleaving as well as macroblock scattering for packet loss protection. An implementation is described, in which scalable video is protected unequally with forward error correcting codes and retransmissions. Comparisons are performed for simulated wideband code division multiple access channel, and measurements are carried out with wireless local area network, Bluetooth as well as with GSM high speed circuit switched data. For the measurements, point-to-point connections are used. The achieved video quality is examined in our real-time wireless video demonstrator. The performance is measured with peak-signal-to-noise-ratio of received video, data overhead, communication delay, number of lost video frames, and decoding frame rate. Results show that the quality of decoded video can be improved by 1 dB with transparent connections compared to connections designed for general packet data. As a conclusion, a video coding subsystem must have access to the error control in a wireless link for the best quality in varying conditions.

[1]  Luigi Atzori,et al.  A spatio-temporal concealment technique using boundary matching algorithm and mesh-based warping (BMA-MBW) , 2001, IEEE Trans. Multim..

[2]  Qian Zhang,et al.  Resource allocation for multimedia streaming over the Internet , 2001, IEEE Trans. Multim..

[3]  Kai-Kuang Ma,et al.  A new diamond search algorithm for fast block-matching motion estimation , 2000, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[4]  Madhukar Budagavi,et al.  Multiframe video coding for improved performance over wireless channels , 2001, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[5]  T. Hamalainen,et al.  Architecture of a wireless video transfer demonstrator , 2002, 2002 International Zurich Seminar on Broadband Communications Access - Transmission - Networking (Cat. No.02TH8599).

[6]  Ming-Ting Sun,et al.  Wireless video transport using conditional retransmission and low-delay interleaving , 2002, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[7]  Ming-Ting Sun,et al.  Compressed Video Over Networks , 2000 .

[8]  Itu-T.  Video coding for low bitrate communication , 1996 .

[9]  Nick Kingsbury,et al.  Error resilient image and video coding for wireless communication systems , 1999 .

[10]  Kai-Kuang Ma,et al.  Correction to "a new diamond search algorithm for fast block-matching motion estimation" , 2000, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[11]  F. MacWilliams,et al.  The Theory of Error-Correcting Codes , 1977 .

[12]  Mihaela van der Schaar,et al.  Motion-compensation fine-granular-scalability (MC-FGS) for wireless multimedia , 2001, 2001 IEEE Fourth Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (Cat. No.01TH8564).

[13]  Ness B. Shroff,et al.  Error concealment in MPEG video streams over ATM networks , 2000, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[14]  Russell M. Mersereau,et al.  Video error correction using steganography , 2001, Proceedings 2001 International Conference on Image Processing (Cat. No.01CH37205).

[15]  Faouzi Kossentini,et al.  Rate-distortion optimized layered coding with unequal error protection for robust Internet video , 2001, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[16]  Gene Cheung,et al.  Error concealment by data partitioning , 1999, Signal Process. Image Commun..

[17]  Timo Hämäläinen,et al.  TUTWLAN – QoS Supporting Wireless Network , 2003, Telecommun. Syst..

[18]  M. Budagavi,et al.  Unequal error protection of MPEG-4 compressed video , 1999, Proceedings 1999 International Conference on Image Processing (Cat. 99CH36348).

[19]  Timo Hämäläinen,et al.  Parallel implementation of video encoder on quad DSP system , 2002, Microprocess. Microsystems.

[20]  Cedric Nishan Canagarajah,et al.  Multiple-reference temporal error concealment , 2001, ISCAS 2001. The 2001 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (Cat. No.01CH37196).

[21]  Pao-Chi Chang,et al.  Precise and fast error tracking for error-resilient transmission of H.263 video , 2000, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[22]  K. Stuhlm.  Scalable Internet Video Streaming With Unequal Error Protection , 1999 .

[23]  Nick G. Kingsbury,et al.  The EREC: an error-resilient technique for coding variable-length blocks of data , 1996, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[24]  Yücel Altunbasak,et al.  A collaborative multiple description transform coding and statistical error concealment method for error resilient video streaming over noisy channels , 2002, 2002 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing.

[25]  John D. Villasenor,et al.  . Adaptive intra block update for robust transmission of H.263 , 2000, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[26]  Wenjun Zeng,et al.  Rate shaping by block dropping for transmission of MPEG-precoded video over channels of dynamic bandwidth , 1997, MULTIMEDIA '96.

[27]  Yücel Altunbasak,et al.  A temporal error concealment method for MPEG coded video using a multi-frame boundary matching algorithm , 2001, Proceedings 2001 International Conference on Image Processing (Cat. No.01CH37205).

[28]  Weiping Li,et al.  Overview of fine granularity scalability in MPEG-4 video standard , 2001, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[29]  Yao Wang,et al.  Error control and concealment for video communication: a review , 1998, Proc. IEEE.

[30]  Carmen E. Rodríguez,et al.  Real-time H.263+ video transmission on 802.11 wireless LANs , 2001, Proceedings International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing.

[31]  David R. Bull,et al.  MPEG-2 video transmission using the HIPERLAN/2 WLAN standard , 2001, IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron..

[32]  Ness B. Shroff,et al.  Error resilience and concealment in embedded zerotree wavelet codecs , 2001, Proceedings 2001 International Conference on Image Processing (Cat. No.01CH37205).

[33]  Yiwei Thomas Hou,et al.  Scalable video coding and transport over broadband wireless networks , 2001, Proc. IEEE.

[34]  Fernando Pereira,et al.  Error resilience and concealment performance for MPEG-4 frame-based video coding , 1999, Signal Process. Image Commun..

[35]  Ville Lappalainen,et al.  QoS evaluation of 3G-324M mobile videophones over WCDMA networks , 2001, Comput. Networks.

[36]  Kyeong Ho Yang,et al.  Efficient intra refreshment and synchronization algorithms for robust transmission of video over wireless networks , 2001, Proceedings 2001 International Conference on Image Processing (Cat. No.01CH37205).

[37]  Bede Liu,et al.  Recovery of lost or erroneously received motion vectors , 1993, 1993 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing.

[38]  David Bull,et al.  Motion field interpolation for temporal error concealment , 2000 .

[39]  Timo Hämäläinen,et al.  Video transfer control protocol for a wireless video demonstrator , 2002, Proceedings. International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing.

[40]  Sang Uk Lee,et al.  A hierarchical synchronization technique based on the EREC for robust transmission of H.263 bit stream , 2000, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[41]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[42]  Timo Hämäläinen,et al.  Implementation of a video transcoder for embedded system , 2003, Proceedings ITCC 2003. International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing.

[43]  Qian Zhang,et al.  Resource allocation with adaptive QoS for multimedia transmission over W-CDMA channels , 2000, 2000 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference. Conference Record (Cat. No.00TH8540).

[44]  Toshio Kawahara,et al.  Video transmission technology with effective error protection and tough synchronization for wireless channels , 1996, Proceedings of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Image Processing.

[45]  Konstantinos Konstantinides,et al.  Image and video compression standards , 1995 .

[46]  Liu Hongmei,et al.  An error resilient codec for wireless video , 2000, WCC 2000 - ICCT 2000. 2000 International Conference on Communication Technology Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX420).

[47]  Richard E. Ladner,et al.  Unequal loss protection: graceful degradation of image quality over packet erasure channels through forward error correction , 2000, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.