The Learning Curve of IT Knowledge Workers in a Computing Call Center

We analyze learning and knowledge transfer in a computing call center. The information technology (IT) technical services provided by call centers are characterized by constant changes in relevant knowledge and a wide variety of support requests. Under this IT problem-solving context, we analyze the learning curve relationship between problem-solving experience and performance enhancement. Based on data collected from a university computing call center consisting of different types of consultants, our empirical findings indicate that (a) the learning effect---as measured by the reduction of average resolution time---occurs with experience, (b) knowledge transfer within a group occurs among lower-level consultants utilizing application-level knowledge (as opposed to technical-level knowledge), and (c) knowledge transfers across IT problem types. These estimates of learning and knowledge transfer contribute to the development of an empirically grounded understanding of IT knowledge workers' learning behavior. The results also have implications for operational decisions about the staffing and problem-solving strategy of call centers.

[1]  Kyle Lewis,et al.  Transactive Memory Systems, Learning, and Learning Transfer , 2005, Organ. Sci..

[2]  Marshall L. Fisher,et al.  The Impact of Product Variety on Automobile Assembly Operations: Empirical Evidence and Simulation Analysis , 1999 .

[3]  Itay Gurvich,et al.  Service-Level Differentiation in Call Centers with Fully Flexible Servers , 2008, Manag. Sci..

[4]  Ramanath Subramanyam,et al.  Business Value of IT-Enabled Call Centers: An Empirical Analysis , 2001, ICIS.

[5]  Lawrence Chung,et al.  Towards standardization of adaptable software architectures , 2003, Comput. Stand. Interfaces.

[6]  Carol K. K. Chan,et al.  Knowledge Building as a Mediator of Conflict in Conceptual Change , 1997 .

[7]  F. Paas,et al.  Variability of Worked Examples and Transfer of Geometrical Problem-Solving Skills: A Cognitive-Load Approach , 1994 .

[8]  L. Argote Organizational Learning: Creating, Retaining and Transferring Knowledge , 1999 .

[9]  I. Nonaka A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation , 1994 .

[10]  Pamela R. Haunschild,et al.  Network Learning: The Effects of Partners' Heterogeneity of Experience on Corporate Acquisitions , 2002 .

[11]  TonZeynep,et al.  Managing the Impact of Employee Turnover on Performance , 2008 .

[12]  Edieal J. Pinker,et al.  The Efficiency-Quality Trade-Off of Cross-Trained Workers , 2000, Manuf. Serv. Oper. Manag..

[13]  L. Argote,et al.  KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER: A BASIS FOR COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN FIRMS , 2000 .

[14]  Assaf J. Zeevi,et al.  On a Data-Driven Method for Staffing Large Call Centers , 2009, Oper. Res..

[15]  Ward Whitt,et al.  Staffing of Time-Varying Queues to Achieve Time-Stable Performance , 2008, Manag. Sci..

[16]  C. L. Benkard Learning and Forgetting: the Dynamics of Aircraft Production , 1999 .

[17]  M. Polanyi,et al.  Personal Knowledge: Towards a post-critical philosophy , 1959 .

[18]  Gabriel Szulanski The Process of Knowledge Transfer: A Diachronic Analysis of Stickiness , 2000 .

[19]  Robert S. Huckman,et al.  Managing the Impact of Employee Turnover on Performance: The Role of Process Conformance , 2008, Organ. Sci..

[20]  D. Wegner Transactive Memory: A Contemporary Analysis of the Group Mind , 1987 .

[21]  Cheryl Gaimon,et al.  Improving Manufacturing Performance Through Process Change and Knowledge Creation , 2000 .

[22]  Louis E. Yelle THE LEARNING CURVE: HISTORICAL REVIEW AND COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY , 1979 .

[23]  Linda Argote,et al.  Individual Experience and Experience Working Together: Predicting Learning Rates from Knowing Who Knows What and Knowing How to Work Together , 2005, Manag. Sci..

[24]  C. Shea,et al.  Specificity and variability of practice. , 1990, Research quarterly for exercise and sport.

[25]  Jeffrey M. Wooldridge,et al.  Solutions Manual and Supplementary Materials for Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data , 2003 .

[26]  Linda Argote,et al.  Organizational Learning Curves: A Method for Investigating Intra-Plant Transfer of Knowledge Acquired Through Learning by Doing , 1991 .

[27]  Diane Liang Rulke,et al.  Distribution of Knowledge, Group Network Structure, and Group Performance , 2000 .

[28]  J. Driscoll,et al.  Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimation with Spatially Dependent Panel Data , 1998, Review of Economics and Statistics.

[29]  Robert E. Ployhart,et al.  Learning by Doing Something Else: Variation, Relatedness, and the Learning Curve , 2003, Manag. Sci..

[30]  B. Kogut,et al.  Knowledge and the Speed of the Transfer and Imitation of Organizational Capabilities: An Empirical Test , 1995 .

[31]  R. Moreland,et al.  Group Versus Individual Training and Group Performance: The Mediating Role of Transactive Memory , 1995 .

[32]  Frederick Hayes-Roth,et al.  Building expert systems , 1983, Advanced book program.

[33]  G. Huber Organizational Learning: The Contributing Processes and the Literatures , 1991 .

[34]  B. Kogut,et al.  Knowledge of the Firm, Combinative Capabilities, and the Replication of Technology , 1992 .

[35]  Haim Mendelson,et al.  Clockspeed and Informational Response: Evidence from the Information Technology Industry , 1998, Inf. Syst. Res..

[36]  Gerald E. Flueckiger SPECIALIZATION, LEARNING BY DOING AND THE OPTIMAL AMOUNT OF LEARNING , 1976 .

[37]  Robert S. Lockhart,et al.  Cognitive and affective components of insight. , 1995 .

[38]  Eric D. Darr,et al.  The Acquisition, Transfer, and Depreciation of Knowledge in Service Organizations: Productivity in Franchises , 1995 .

[39]  Kenneth L. Kraemer,et al.  Globalization and Increasing Returns: Implications for the U.S. Computer Industry , 1998, Inf. Syst. Res..

[40]  Eileen M. Trauth,et al.  Critical Skills and Knowledge Requirements of IS Professionals: A Joint Academic/Industry Investigation , 1995, MIS Q..

[41]  Neil Gandal,et al.  Competing Compatibility Standards and Network Externalities in the PC Software Market , 1995 .

[42]  Linda Argote,et al.  Organizational Learning and Forgetting: The Effects of Turnover and Structure , 2006 .

[43]  Brian T. Pentland,et al.  Organizing Moves in Software Support Hot Lines , 1992 .

[44]  Linda Argote,et al.  Training People to Work in Groups , 2002 .

[45]  James D. McKeen,et al.  The Evolution of IS Job Skills: A Content Analysis of IS Job Advertisements from 1970 to 1990 , 1995, MIS Q..

[46]  G. Northcraft,et al.  You have printed the following article : Why Differences Make a Difference : A Field Study of Diversity , Conflict , and Performance in Workgroups , 2007 .

[47]  Luk N. Van Wassenhove,et al.  Behind the Learning Curve: Linking Learning Activities to Waste Reduction , 2000 .

[48]  A. Parasuraman,et al.  Delivering quality service : balancing customer perceptions and expectations , 1990 .

[49]  Efraim Turban,et al.  Decision support and expert systems , 1993 .

[50]  Pamela R. Haunschild,et al.  Learning from Complexity: Effects of Prior Accidents and Incidents on Airlines' Learning , 2002 .

[51]  Henry C. Ellis,et al.  Transfer of Learning , 2021, Research in Mathematics Education.

[52]  G. Pisano Knowledge Integration and the Locus of Learning: An Empirical Analysis , 1994 .

[53]  Lawrence M. Wein,et al.  Economics of Product Development by Users: the Impact of Sticky Local Information , 1998 .

[54]  Amit Das,et al.  Knowledge and Productivity in Technical Support Work , 2003, Manag. Sci..

[55]  J. Dutton,et al.  Treating Progress Functions as a Managerial Opportunity , 1984 .

[56]  Eric D. Darr,et al.  An Investigation of Partner Similarity Dimensions on Knowledge Transfer , 2000 .

[57]  Noah Gans,et al.  Managing Learning and Turnover in Employee Staffing , 1999, Oper. Res..

[58]  Michael Parent,et al.  Relationships Between Job Skills and Performance: A Study of Webmasters , 2002, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..