The acoustic startle response in rats—circuits mediating evocation, inhibition and potentiation

[1]  C. Prosser,et al.  THE EXTINCTION OF STARTLE RESPONSES AND SPINAL REFLEXES IN THE WHITE RAT , 1936 .

[2]  J. S. Brown,et al.  Conditioned fear as revealed by magnitude of startle response to an auditory stimulus. , 1951, Journal of experimental psychology.

[3]  H. Hoffman,et al.  Startle Reaction: Modification by Background Acoustic Stimulation , 1963, Science.

[4]  J. Konorski.  Integrative activity of the brain : an interdisciplinary approach , 1967 .

[5]  M. Davis,et al.  Effects of interstimulus interval length and variability on startle-response habituation in the rat. , 1970, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[6]  P. Groves,et al.  Habituation: a dual-process theory. , 1970, Psychological review.

[7]  J. Ison,et al.  Modification of the startle reflex in the rat by changes in the auditory and visual environments. , 1971, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[8]  Michael Davis,et al.  Twenty-four-hour periodicity of the startle response in rats , 1971 .

[9]  G. Hammond.  Lesions of pontine and medullary reticular formation and prestimulus inhibition of the acoustic startle reaction in rats. , 1973, Physiology & behavior.

[10]  M. Davis.  Sensitization of the rat startle response by noise. , 1974, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[11]  P. Groves,et al.  Brain stem pathways, cortical modulation, and habituation of the acoustic startle response. , 1974, Behavioral biology.

[12]  M. Geyer,et al.  Prestimulus effects on human startle reflex in normals and schizophrenics. , 1978, Psychophysiology.

[13]  H. Hoffman,et al.  The neural substrate of the startle response , 1980, Physiology & Behavior.

[14]  H. Hoffman,et al.  Reflex modification in the domain of startle: I. Some empirical findings and their implications for how the nervous system processes sensory input. , 1980, Psychological review.

[15]  Michael Davis,et al.  Neurochemical modulation of sensory-motor reactivity: Acoustic and tactile startle reflexes , 1980, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[16]  J. Kehne,et al.  Strychnine: brainstem and spinal mediation of excitatory effects on acoustic startle. , 1981, European journal of pharmacology.

[17]  J. Kehne,et al.  Habituation and sensitization of startle reflexes elicited electrically from the brainstem. , 1982, Science.

[18]  M. Davis,et al.  A primary acoustic startle circuit: lesion and stimulation studies , 1982, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[19]  W. P. Jordan,et al.  Habituation of the acoustic startle response in rats after lesions in the mesencephalic reticular formation or in the inferior colliculus. , 1983, Behavioral neuroscience.

[20]  G. Mogenson,et al.  Electrophysiological responses of neurones in the nucleus accumbens to hippocampal stimulation and the attenuation of the excitatory responses by the mesolimbic dopaminergic system , 1984, Brain Research.

[21]  J. Kehne,et al.  Strychnine increases acoustic startle amplitude but does not alter short-term or long-term habituation. , 1984, Behavioral neuroscience.

[22]  Michael Davis.  CHAPTER 8 – Intrinsic and Extrinsic Mechanisms of Habituation and Sensitization: Implications for the Design and Analysis of Experiments , 1984 .

[23]  D. S. Leitner,et al.  Role of the inferior colliculus in the inhibition of acoustic startle in the rat , 1985, Physiology & Behavior.

[24]  Short-term and long-term habituation of the acoustic startle response in chronic decerebrate rats. , 1985, Behavioral neuroscience.

[25]  G. Mogenson,et al.  Dopamine enhances terminal excitability of hippocampal-accumbens neurons via D2 receptor: role of dopamine in presynaptic inhibition , 1986, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[26]  H. Tilson,et al.  Noradrenergic influence on the prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle. , 1986, Toxicology letters.

[27]  Michael Davis,et al.  Habituation, prepulse inhibition, fear conditioning, and drug modulation of the acoustically elicited pinna reflex in rats. , 1986, Behavioral neuroscience.

[28]  Michael Davis,et al.  Fear conditioning, pre-pulse inhibition and drug modulation of a short latency startle response measured electromyographically from neck muscles in the rat , 1986, Physiology & Behavior.

[29]  J. Ison,et al.  Effects of motor activity on the elicitation and modification of the startle reflex in rats , 1986 .

[30]  R. N. Leaton,et al.  Cerebellar vermis: essential for long-term habituation of the acoustic startle response. , 1986, Science.

[31]  Michael Davis,et al.  Fear-potentiated startle using an auditory conditioned stimulus: Effect of lesions of the amygdala , 1987, Physiology & Behavior.

[32]  T. Blumenthal,et al.  Modification of the acoustic startle reflex by a tactile prepulse: the effects of stimulus onset asynchrony and prepulse intensity. , 1987, Psychophysiology.

[33]  H. Schnitzler,et al.  Acoustic startle threshold of the albino rat (Rattus norvegicus). , 1987, Journal of comparative psychology.

[34]  Michael Davis,et al.  Temporal characteristics of enhancement of startle by stimulation of the amygdala , 1988, Physiology & Behavior.

[35]  P. Pilz,et al.  Comparative threshold studies of the acoustic pinna, jaw and startle reflex in the rat , 1988, Physiology & Behavior.

[36]  M. Merchán,et al.  Morphology of cochlear root neurons in the rat , 1988, Journal of neurocytology.

[37]  J. Siegel,et al.  Anatomical distribution and response patterns of reticular neurons active in relation to acoustic startle , 1988, Brain Research.

[38]  Michael Davis,et al.  Excitatory amino acid antagonists depress acoustic startle after infusion into the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus or paralemniscal zone , 1988, Brain Research.

[39]  M. Davis,et al.  Enhancement of acoustic startle by electrical stimulation of the amygdala. , 1988, Behavioral neuroscience.

[40]  Startle responses measured in muscles innervated by facial and trigeminal nerves show common modulation. , 1989 .

[41]  W. P. Jordan.  Mesencephalic reticular formation lesions made after habituation training abolish long-term habituation of the acoustic startle response in rats. , 1989, Behavioral neuroscience.

[42]  M. Davis,et al.  Footshock-induced sensitization of electrically elicited startle reflexes. , 1989, Behavioral neuroscience.

[43]  Michael Davis,et al.  Sensitization of the acoustic startle reflex by footshock. , 1989, Behavioral neuroscience.

[44]  Michael Davis,et al.  Sensitization of the startle reflex by footshock: blockade by lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala or its efferent pathway to the brainstem. , 1989, Behavioral neuroscience.

[45]  Potentiation of the acoustic startle response by a conditioned stimulus paired with acoustic startle stimulus in rats. , 1990 .

[46]  N. Swerdlow,et al.  Startle response models of sensorimotor gating and habituation deficits in schizophrenia , 1990, Brain Research Bulletin.

[47]  Michael Davis,et al.  Enhancement of electrically elicited startle by amygdaloid stimulation , 1990, Physiology & Behavior.

[48]  Michael Davis,et al.  Blocking of acquisition but not expression of conditioned fear-potentiated startle by NMDA antagonists in the amygdala , 1990, Nature.

[49]  M. Bradley,et al.  Emotion, attention, and the startle reflex. , 1990, Psychological review.

[50]  J. Pellet.  Neural organization in the brainstem circuit mediating the primary acoustic head startle: An electrophysiological study in the rat , 1990, Physiology & Behavior.

[51]  C. de’Sperati,et al.  Long-term habituation of the acoustic startle response: Role of the cerebellar vermis , 1990, Neuroscience.

[52]  R. N. Leaton,et al.  Medial cerebellum and long-term habituation of acoustic startle in rats. , 1991, Behavioral neuroscience.

[53]  Michael Davis,et al.  Efferent pathway of the amygdala involved in conditioned fear as measured with the fear-potentiated startle paradigm. , 1991, Behavioral neuroscience.

[54]  M. Geyer,et al.  Failure of haloperidol to block the effects of phencyclidine and dizocilpine on prepulse inhibition of startle , 1991, Biological Psychiatry.

[55]  M. Davis,et al.  A direct projection from the central nucleus of the amygdala to the acoustic startle pathway: anterograde and retrograde tracing studies. , 1991, Behavioral neuroscience.

[56]  R. Mansbach.  Effects of NMDA receptor ligands on sensorimotor gating in the rat. , 1991, European journal of pharmacology.

[57]  K Merikangas,et al.  Fear-potentiated startle in humans: effects of anticipatory anxiety on the acoustic blink reflex. , 1991, Psychophysiology.

[58]  K. Kandler,et al.  Auditory projections from the cochlear nucleus to pontine and mesencephalic reticular nuclei in the rat , 1991, Brain Research.

[59]  N. Swerdlow,et al.  Hippocampal modulation of acoustic startle and prepulse inhibition in the rat , 1992, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[60]  Glutamate receptors mediate acoustic input to the reticular brain stem. , 1992, Neuroreport.

[61]  M. Davis,et al.  Lesions of the perirhinal cortex but not of the frontal, medial prefrontal, visual, or insular cortex block fear-potentiated startle using a visual conditioned stimulus , 1992, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[62]  Circadian modulation of the rat acoustic startle response. , 1992 .

[63]  C. Grillon,et al.  Startle gating deficits occur across prepulse intensities in schizophrenic patients , 1992, Biological Psychiatry.

[64]  M. Koch,et al.  Loss of the acoustic startle response following neurotoxic lesions of the caudal pontine reticular formation: Possible role of giant neurons , 1992, Neuroscience.

[65]  N. Swerdlow,et al.  The neural substrates of sensorimotor gating of the startle reflex: a review of recent findings and their implications , 1992, Journal of psychopharmacology.

[66]  M. Davis,et al.  N-methyl-D-aspartate lesions of the lateral and basolateral nuclei of the amygdala block fear-potentiated startle and shock sensitization of startle. , 1992, Behavioral neuroscience.

[67]  E. Friauf,et al.  Giant neurons in the caudal pontine reticular formation receive short latency acoustic input: An intracellular recording and HRP‐study in the rat , 1992, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[68]  G. Rigdon,et al.  5-Hydroxytryptamine 1a receptor agonists block prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle reflex. , 1992, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[69]  Michael Davis,et al.  The role of the amygdala in fear-potentiated startle: implications for animal models of anxiety. , 1992, Trends in pharmacological sciences.

[70]  Michael Davis,et al.  Lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala block the excitatory effects of septal ablation on the acoustic startle reflex , 1992, Physiology & Behavior.

[71]  J. Yeomans,et al.  Collision-like interactions between acoustic and electrical signals that produce startle reflexes in reticular formation sites , 1993, Brain Research.

[72]  M. Davis,et al.  Infusion of the non-NMDA receptor antagonist CNQX into the amygdala blocks the expression of fear-potentiated startle. , 1993, Behavioral and neural biology.

[73]  J. Yeomans,et al.  Axons and synapses mediating startle-like responses evoked by electrical stimulation of the reticular formation in rats: symmetric and asymmetric collision effects , 1993, Brain Research.

[74]  J. Yeomans,et al.  Amygdala efferents mediating electrically evoked startle-like responses and fear potentiation of acoustic startle. , 1993, Behavioral neuroscience.

[75]  H. Schnitzler,et al.  Acoustic startle response and habituation in freezing and nonfreezing rats. , 1993, Behavioral neuroscience.

[76]  Michael Davis,et al.  NMDA and non-NMDA antagonists infused into the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis depress the acoustic startle reflex , 1993, Brain Research.

[77]  M. Davis,et al.  Electrolytic lesions of the amygdala block acquisition and expression of fear-potentiated startle even with extensive training but do not prevent reacquisition. , 1993, Behavioral neuroscience.

[78]  M. Koch.  Microinjections of the metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist,trans-(±)-1-amino-cyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylate (trans-ACPD) into the amygdala increase the acoustic startle response of rats , 1993, Brain Research.

[79]  N. Swerdlow,et al.  Prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle in rats after lesions of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus. , 1993, Behavioral neuroscience.

[80]  Michael Davis,et al.  Fear-potentiated startle: A neural and pharmacological analysis , 1993, Behavioural Brain Research.

[81]  Glutamate antagonists in the reticular formation reduce the acoustic startle response. , 1993, Neuroreport.

[82]  J. Yeomans,et al.  Crossed reticular formation connections that mediate the startle reflex in rats , 1993, Brain Research.

[83]  M. Koch,et al.  Lesions of the central gray block the sensitization of the acoustic startle response in rats , 1994, Brain Research.

[84]  Fear-potentiated startle using three conditioned stimulus modalities , 1994 .

[85]  N. Swerdlow,et al.  Quinolinic acid lesions of the ventral striatum reduce sensorimotor gating of acoustic startle in rats , 1994, Brain Research.

[86]  M. Koch,et al.  Deficient Sensorimotor Gating After 6‐Hydroxydopamine Lesion of the Rat medial Prefrontal Cortex is Reversed by Haloperidol , 1994, The European journal of neuroscience.

[87]  J. Glowa,et al.  Differences in response to an acoustic startle stimulus among forty-six rat strains , 1994, Behavior genetics.

[88]  E Friauf,et al.  Giant neurons in the rat reticular formation: a sensorimotor interface in the elementary acoustic startle circuit? , 1994, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[89]  N. Swerdlow,et al.  Assessing the validity of an animal model of deficient sensorimotor gating in schizophrenic patients. , 1994, Archives of general psychiatry.

[90]  M. Koch,et al.  Substance P is involved in the sensitization of the acoustic startle response by footshocks in rats , 1994, Behavioural Brain Research.

[91]  G. Higgins,et al.  Differences between three rat strains in sensitivity to prepulse inhibition of an acoustic startle response: influence of apomorphine and phencyclidine pretreatment , 1994, Journal of psychopharmacology.

[92]  N. Swerdlow,et al.  Clozapine antagonizes phencyclidine-induced deficits in sensorimotor gating of the startle response. , 1994, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[93]  Michael Davis,et al.  Neurotransmission in the rat amygdala related to fear and anxiety , 1994, Trends in Neurosciences.

[94]  M. Koch,et al.  Amygdaloid noradrenaline is involved in the sensitization of the acoustic startle response in rats , 1994, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[95]  M. Koch,et al.  Sensorimotor gating deficit after lesions of the superior colliculus. , 1994, Neuroreport.

[96]  J. Ostwald,et al.  Substance P and other putative transmitters modulate the activity of reticular pontine neurons: an electrophysiological and immunohistochemical study , 1994, Brain Research.

[97]  M. Geyer,et al.  Multiple serotonin receptor subtypes modulate prepulse inhibition of the startle response in rats , 1994, Neuropharmacology.

[98]  Paul W. Frankland,et al.  The acoustic startle reflex: neurons and connections , 1995, Brain Research Reviews.

[99]  L. Reijmers,et al.  Changes in prepulse inhibition after local administration of NMDA receptor ligands in the core region of the rat nucleus accumbens. , 1995, European journal of pharmacology.

[100]  M. Davis,et al.  Lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala block conditioned excitation, but not conditioned inhibition of fear as measured with the fear-potentiated startle effect. , 1995, Behavioral neuroscience.

[101]  J. Yeomans.  Electrically evoked behaviors: axons and synapses mapped with collision tests , 1995, Behavioural Brain Research.

[102]  Joseph E LeDoux.  Emotion: clues from the brain. , 1995, Annual review of psychology.

[103]  N. Swerdlow,et al.  Ventral pallidal GABA-A receptors regulate prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle , 1995, Brain Research.

[104]  Michael Davis,et al.  Habituation of prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex using an auditory prepulse close to background noise. , 1995, Behavioral neuroscience.

[105]  J. Yeomans,et al.  Fear-potentiated startle and electrically evoked startle mediated by synapses in rostrolateral midbrain , 1995 .

[106]  J. Yeomans,et al.  Axons and synapses mediating electrically evoked startle: collision tests and latency analysis , 1995, Brain Research.

[107]  N. Swerdlow,et al.  Prepulse inhibition in the rat is regulated by ventral and caudodorsal striato-pallidal circuitry. , 1995, Behavioral neuroscience.

[108]  E. Friauf,et al.  Glycine receptors in the caudal pontine reticular formation: are they important for the inhibition of the acoustic startle response? , 1995, Brain Research.

[109]  M. Koch,et al.  Conditioned Pleasure Attenuates the Startle Response in Rats , 1995, Neurobiology of Learning and Memory.

[110]  Jane S. Paulsen,et al.  Impaired prepulse inhibition of acoustic and tactile startle response in patients with Huntington's disease. , 1995, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[111]  B. Westerink,et al.  Excitatory Amino Acid Receptors in the Ventral Tegmental Area Regulate Dopamine Release in the Ventral Striatum , 1996, Journal of neurochemistry.

[112]  N. Swerdlow,et al.  The basolateral amygdala regulates sensorimotor gating of acoustic startle in the rat , 1996, Neuroscience.

[113]  H. Schnitzler,et al.  Habituation and Sensitization of the Acoustic Startle Response in Rats: Amplitude, Threshold, and Latency Measures , 1996, Neurobiology of Learning and Memory.

[114]  N. Swerdlow,et al.  Sensorimotor gating in rats is regulated by different dopamine-glutamate interactions in the nucleus accumbens core and shell subregions , 1996, Brain Research.

[115]  N. Swerdlow,et al.  Do D1/D2 Interactions Regulate Prepulse Inhibition in Rats? , 1996, Neuropsychopharmacology.

[116]  N. Swerdlow,et al.  The ventral subiculum modulation of prepulse inhibition is not mediated via dopamine D2 or nucleus accumbens non-NMDA glutamate receptor activity. , 1996, European journal of pharmacology.

[117]  M. Koch.  The septohippocampal system is involved in prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response in rats. , 1996, Behavioral neuroscience.

[118]  M. Koch,et al.  Lesions of the Amygdala Do Not Affect the Enhancement of the Acoustic Startle Response by Background Noise , 1996, Physiology & Behavior.

[119]  M. Koch,et al.  Lesions of the central gray block conditioned fear as measured with the potentiated startle paradigm , 1996, Behavioural Brain Research.

[120]  Younglim Lee,et al.  A Primary Acoustic Startle Pathway: Obligatory Role of Cochlear Root Neurons and the Nucleus Reticularis Pontis Caudalis , 1996, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[121]  Somatostatin in the Pontine Reticular Formation Modulates Fear Potentiation of the Acoustic Startle Response: An Anatomical, Electrophysiological, and Behavioral Study , 1996, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[122]  Annette M. Schmid,et al.  Pleasure-attenuation of startle is disrupted by lesions of the nucleus accumbens. , 1996, Neuroreport.

[123]  M. Koch,et al.  NMDA receptors in the pontine brainstem are necessary for fear potentiation of the startle response. , 1996, European journal of pharmacology.

[124]  T. Robbins,et al.  Neurobehavioural mechanisms of reward and motivation , 1996, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

[125]  M. Koch,et al.  Corticotropin‐releasing Factor in the Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus Mediates the Expression of Fear‐potentiated Startle in the Rat , 1997, The European journal of neuroscience.

[126]  M. Davis,et al.  Involvement of the dorsal periaqueductal gray in the loss of fear-potentiated startle accompanying high footshock training. , 1997, Behavioral neuroscience.

[127]  M. Koch,et al.  Role of the strychnine-insensitive glycine binding site in the nucleus accumbens and anterodorsal striatum in sensorimotor gating: a behavioral and microdialysis study , 1997, Psychopharmacology.