An Instrumented Walking Aid to Assess and Retrain Gait

An instrumented walking aid, the iWA system, has been developed to measure kinematic and kinetic properties of walking aid (WA) use and deliver feedback to improve gait. The clinical requirements, technical specification and design of the system are developed through clinical collaboration. The development of the system is described, including hardware components and data analysis used to process the measured data for assessment. The system measurements are validated under controlled laboratory conditions. The iWA system is evaluated in a typical U.K. clinical environment by a participant in a rehabilitation session. The resultant data successfully capture the quality of the participant's WA use and agree with clinical opinion, supporting the efficacy of this approach.

[1]  M. Tomizuka,et al.  A Gait Monitoring System Based on Air Pressure Sensors Embedded in a Shoe , 2009, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics.

[2]  Jeffrey C. Lagarias,et al.  Convergence Properties of the Nelder-Mead Simplex Method in Low Dimensions , 1998, SIAM J. Optim..

[3]  J. Perry,et al.  Upper extremity kinetics during Lofstrand crutch-assisted gait. , 2005, Medical engineering & physics.

[4]  Peter H. Veltink,et al.  Measuring orientation of human body segments using miniature gyroscopes and accelerometers , 2005, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing.

[5]  C. Striebel,et al.  On the maximum likelihood estimates for linear dynamic systems , 1965 .

[6]  Neil M. White,et al.  Augmenting forearm crutches with wireless sensors for lower limb rehabilitation , 2010 .

[7]  M. Wong,et al.  Temporal stride and force analysis of cane-assisted gait in people with hemiplegic stroke. , 2001, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[8]  Jian Huang,et al.  Human-Walking-Intention-Based Motion Control of an Omnidirectional-Type Cane Robot , 2013, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics.

[9]  Majid Sarrafzadeh,et al.  The SmartCane system: an assistive device for geriatrics , 2008, BODYNETS.

[10]  B. E. Maki,et al.  Assistive devices for balance and mobility: benefits, demands, and adverse consequences. , 2005, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[11]  M. Watson Refining the ten-metre walking test for use with neurologically impaired people , 1992 .

[12]  Michael J. Agnew,et al.  Accuracy of inertial motion sensors in static, quasistatic, and complex dynamic motion. , 2009, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[13]  Greg Welch,et al.  Welch & Bishop , An Introduction to the Kalman Filter 2 1 The Discrete Kalman Filter In 1960 , 1994 .

[14]  L. Maletsky,et al.  Accuracy of an optical active-marker system to track the relative motion of rigid bodies. , 2007, Journal of biomechanics.

[15]  B.T. Smith,et al.  The case for using instrumented crutches during gait analysis , 2002, Proceedings of the IEEE 28th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37342).

[16]  Richard A. Brown,et al.  Introduction to random signals and applied kalman filtering (3rd ed , 2012 .

[17]  J Engel,et al.  Walking cane designed to assist partial weight bearing. , 1983, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[18]  C Ballinger,et al.  Goal setting in neurological rehabilitation: Patients' perspectives , 2007, Disability and rehabilitation.

[19]  D N Rushton,et al.  Functional electrical stimulation , 1997, Physiological measurement.

[20]  L Klenerman,et al.  A quantitative investigation of the forces applied to walking-sticks and crutches. , 1973, Rheumatology and rehabilitation.

[21]  E K Antonsson,et al.  The frequency content of gait. , 1985, Journal of biomechanics.

[22]  S. J. M. Bamberg,et al.  A Wireless Sensory Feedback Device for Real-Time Gait Feedback and Training , 2012, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics.

[23]  L I Iezzoni,et al.  Mobility impairments and use of screening and preventive services. , 2000, American journal of public health.