Managing, multiple feature models : foundations, languages and applications

L’ingenierie des lignes de produits logiciels (LdPs) est un paradigme pour la modelisation et le developpement de familles de systemes logiciels plutot que de systemes logiciels individuels. Son objectif porte sur les moyens de produire et maintenir efficacement des produits logiciels similaires en exploitant ce qu’ils ont en commun et en gerant ce qui varie entre eux. Par analogie, la pratique dans l’industrie automobile est de construire une ligne de production dans laquelle des variations personnalisees mais tout de meme similaires de modeles de voitures sont produits. Les feature models (FMs) sont une representation fondamentale pour specifier et raisonner sur la commonalite et la variabilite des LdPs en termes de features (caracteristiques). Les FMs deviennent de plus en plus complexes, manipules par plusieurs developpeurs ou organisations, utilises pour decrire des features a divers niveaux d’abstraction et qui sont mises en relation de differentes facons. Maintenir un seul gros FM n’est ni realiste ni souhaitable. Au contraire une tendance forte est de considerer de multiples FMs. Dans cette these, nous developpons les fondations theoriques et un support pratique pour gerer de multiples FMs. Nous concevons et developpons un ensemble d’operateurs de composition et de decomposition (aggregate, merge, slice) pour supporter la separation des preoccupations. Les operateurs sont formellement definis et implementes avec un algorithme qui garantit des proprietes semantiques. Nous montrons comment les operateurs de composition et de decomposition peuvent etre combines ensemble ou avec d’autres operateurs d’edition ou de raisonnement pour realiser des taches complexes. Nous proposons un langage textuel, FAMILIAR (pour FeAture Model scrIpt Language for manIpulation and Automatic Reasoning), qui fournit une solution operationnelle a la gestion de multiples FMs a large echelle. Un utilisateur des FMs peut combiner les differents operateurs et manipuler un ensemble restreint de concepts (FMs, features, configurations, etc. ) en utilisant une notation concise et des facilites linguistiques. FAMILIAR cache les details d’implementations (e. G. , solveurs) et est supporte par un environnement de developpement complet. Nous decrivons plusieurs applications de ces operateurs et utilisations de FAMILIAR dans differents domaines (messagerie medicale, video protection) et pour differents objectifs (conception de workflows scientifiques, modelisation de la variabilite des exigences a l’execution, retro ingenierie), demontrant l’applicabilite a la fois des operateurs et du langage de support. Sans les nouvelles capacites fournies par les operateurs et FAMILIAR, certaines operations d’analyse et de raisonnement n’auraient pas ete possibles dans les differents cas d’etudes. Pour conclure, nous discutons les differentes perspectives de recherche a moyen terme (operateurs, langage, elements de validation) et a long terme (e. G. Relations entre les FMs et les autres modeles).

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