Ductal lavage, nipple aspiration, and ductoscopy for breast cancer diagnosis

The intraductal approach to breast cancer has been invigorated this year by a series of papers exploring ductalbased screening through nipple aspiration and lavage and ductal exploration through endoscopy. The merging of these efforts to define the earliest biologic changes in the progression toward breast cancer is opening new fields for both bench-translational and clinical research. These techniques have already begun to show value in defining the presence and extent of proliferative disease in high-risk patients, allowing for more informed therapeutic decision making.

[1]  Christopher B Umbricht,et al.  Detection of breast cancer cells in ductal lavage fluid by methylation-specific PCR , 2001, The Lancet.

[2]  K. Mokbel,et al.  The Evolving Role of Mammary Ductoscopy , 2002, Current medical research and opinion.

[3]  K. Hirata,et al.  Nipple discharge disorders: current diagnostic management and the role of fiber-ductoscopy , 1999, European Radiology.

[4]  S. Domchek.  The utility of ductal lavage in breast cancer detection and risk assessment , 2002, Breast Cancer Research.

[5]  J. Crowe,et al.  Feasibility and Technical Considerations of Mammary Ductoscopy in Human Mastectomy Specimens , 2000, The breast journal.

[6]  K. Chew,et al.  Breast cancer risk in women with abnormal cytology in nipple aspirates of breast fluid. , 2001, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[7]  J. Lawrence,et al.  Lavage and nipple aspiration of breast ductal fluids: A source of biomarkers for environmental mutagenesis , 2002, Environmental and molecular mutagenesis.

[8]  B. Ljung,et al.  Ductal lavage for detection of cellular atypia in women at high risk for breast cancer. , 2001, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[9]  H. Kawanishi,et al.  A utility of ductography and fiberoptic ductoscopy for patients with nipple discharge , 2001, Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.

[10]  S. Barsky,et al.  Fiberoptic ductoscopy for breast cancer patients with nipple discharge , 2001, Surgical Endoscopy.

[11]  W. Dooley.  Endoscopic visualization of breast tumors. , 2000, JAMA.

[12]  B. Ljung,et al.  Ductal lavage and the clinical management of women at high risk for breast carcinoma , 2002, Cancer.

[13]  B. Ljung,et al.  Evaluation and management of the woman with an abnormal ductal lavage. , 2002, Journal of the American College of Surgeons.

[14]  F. Mannello,et al.  Prostate-specific antigen (PSA/hK3): a further player in the field of breast cancer diagnostics? , 2001, Breast Cancer Research.

[15]  E. Sauter,et al.  Proteomic analysis of nipple aspirate fluid to detect biologic markers of breast cancer , 2002, British Journal of Cancer.

[16]  Z. Shao,et al.  Fiberoptic ductoscopy for patients with nipple discharge , 2000, Cancer.

[17]  Y. Koyanagi,et al.  Mammary ductoscopy for diagnosis and treatment of intraductal lesions of the breast , 2001, Breast cancer.

[18]  D. Yamamoto,et al.  New diagnostic approach to intracystic lesions of the breast by fiberoptic ductoscopy. , 2001, Anticancer research.

[19]  S. Steinberg,et al.  Biomarker Assays in Nipple Aspirate Fluid , 2001, The breast journal.

[20]  Barbara L. Smith,et al.  Nipple fluid carcinoembryonic antigen and prostate-specific antigen in cancer-bearing and tumor-free breasts. , 2001, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.