Digitally Enabled, Patient‐Centric Clinical Trials: Shifting the Drug Development Paradigm

The rapidly advancing field of digital health technologies provides a great opportunity to radically transform the way clinical trials are conducted and to shift the clinical trial paradigm from a site-centric to a patient-centric model. Merck & Co., Inc.'s (Kenilworth, NJ, USA) digitally-enabled clinical trial initiative is focused on introduction of digital technologies into the clinical trial paradigm to reduce patient burden, improve drug adherence, provide a means of more closely engaging with the patient, and enable higher quality, faster, and more frequent data collection. This paper will describe the following four key areas of focus from Merck & Co., Inc.'s (Kenilworth, NJ, USA) digitally-enabled clinical trials initiative, along with corresponding enabling technologies: (1) use of technologies that can monitor and improve drug adherence (smart dosing), (2) collection of pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and biomarker samples in an outpatient setting (patient-centric sampling), (3) use of digital devices to collect and measure physiological and behavioral data (digital biomarkers), and (4) use of data platforms that integrate digital data streams, visualize data in real-time, and provide a means of greater patient engagement during the trial (digital platform). Furthermore, this paper will discuss the synergistic power in implementation of these approaches jointly within a trial to enable better understanding of adherence, safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and corresponding exposure-response relationships of investigational therapies as well as reduced patient burden for clinical trial participation. Obstacle and challenges to adoption and full realization of the vision of patient-centric, digitally-enabled trials will also be discussed.