High performance black-to-transmissive electrochromic device with panchromatic absorption based on TiO2-supported viologen and triphenylamine derivatives

Abstract A novel black-to-transmissive electrochromic device based on TiO 2 -supported viologen and triphenylamine derivatives was designed and constructed via the absorption-complementary approach. In the device, cathodically coloring electrochromic material 1,4-bis[(( N -phosphono-2-ethyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium)-methyl]-benzene tetrachloride acted as working electrode and novel anodically coloring electrochromic material (4-((4-(dimethylamino)-phenyl)(4-methoxyphenyl)-amino)-benzyl) phosphonic acid acted as counter electrode. The assembled electrochromic device achieved panchromatic absorption over entire visible spectrum with almost zero transmittance in colored state. The optical contrast (ΔT) of the device realized in this work was comparable to the highest value (60%) among all reported black-to-transmissive ECDs. Furthermore, excellent cycling stability was achieved, which maintained almost 80% of the initial ΔT value at 570 nm after continuous 100,000 switchings. These outstanding comprehensive electrochromic performances potentially make this device a promising candidate for electrochromic device applications.

[1]  Kazuki Nakamura,et al.  Multicolor Electrochromism Showing Three Primary Color States (Cyan–Magenta–Yellow) Based on Size- and Shape-Controlled Silver Nanoparticles , 2014 .

[2]  David Y. Liu,et al.  Broadly Absorbing Black to Transmissive Switching Electrochromic Polymers , 2010, Advanced materials.

[3]  Chunye Xu,et al.  AIEE-Active and Electrochromic Bifunctional Polymer and a Device Composed thereof Synchronously Achieve Electrochemical Fluorescence Switching and Electrochromic Switching. , 2015, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[4]  C. Kvarnström,et al.  Electrosynthesis of viologen cross-linked polythiophene in ionic liquid and its electrochromic properties , 2014 .

[5]  Enbo Wang,et al.  High performance visible and near-infrared region electrochromic smart windows based on the different structures of polyoxometalates , 2013 .

[6]  Xuehong Lu,et al.  Hybrid Materials and Polymer Electrolytes for Electrochromic Device Applications , 2012, Advanced materials.

[7]  Sung Jong Yoo,et al.  High Contrast Ratio and Rapid Switching Organic Polymeric Electrochromic Thin Films Based on Triarylamine Derivatives from Layer-by-Layer Assembly , 2006 .

[8]  G. Ozin,et al.  Electrochromic Bragg Mirror: ECBM , 2012, Advanced materials.

[9]  David R. Rosseinsky,et al.  Electrochromic Systems and the Prospects for Devices , 2001 .

[10]  Thomas S. Varley,et al.  In situ spectroelectrochemistry and colour measurement of a complementary electrochromic device based on surface-confined Prussian blue and aqueous solution-phase methyl viologen , 2012 .

[11]  Jun Kawahara,et al.  Printed passive matrix addressed electrochromic displays , 2013 .

[12]  G. Boschloo,et al.  Electrochromic windows based on viologen-modified nanostructured TiO2 films , 1998 .

[13]  H. Grande,et al.  Flexible viologen electrochromic devices with low operational voltages using reduced graphene oxide electrodes. , 2014, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[14]  Fred Wudl,et al.  A red, green, and blue (RGB) polymeric electrochromic device (PECD): the dawning of the PECD era. , 2004, Angewandte Chemie.

[15]  Chunye Xu,et al.  Solution-processable electrochromic red-to-transmissive polymers with tunable neutral state colors, high contrast and enhanced stability , 2015 .

[16]  U. Bach,et al.  Coloured electrochromic “paper-quality” displays based on modified mesoporous electrodes , 2003 .

[17]  J. Reynolds,et al.  The donor-acceptor approach allows a black-to-transmissive switching polymeric electrochrome. , 2008, Nature materials.

[18]  P. Somani,et al.  Electrochromic materials and devices: present and future , 2003, Materials Chemistry and Physics.

[19]  Hung-Ju Yen,et al.  Novel near-infrared and multi-colored electrochromic polybenzoxazines with electroactive triarylamine moieties , 2014 .

[20]  Benjamin D. Reeves,et al.  Spray Coatable Electrochromic Dioxythiophene Polymers with High Coloration Efficiencies , 2004 .

[21]  M. Taya,et al.  New effective process to fabricate fast switching and high contrast electrochromic device based on viologen and Prussian blue/antimony tin oxide nano-composites with dark colored state , 2011 .

[22]  S. Beaupré,et al.  Toward the Development of New Textile/Plastic Electrochromic Cells Using Triphenylamine-Based Copolymers , 2006 .

[23]  Justin A. Kerszulis,et al.  Four shades of brown: tuning of electrochromic polymer blends toward high-contrast eyewear. , 2015, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[24]  A. L. Dyer,et al.  Orange and Red to Transmissive Electrochromic Polymers Based on Electron-Rich Dioxythiophenes , 2010 .

[25]  Mao Li,et al.  Tuning the Electrochromic Properties of Poly(alkyl-3,4-ethylenedioxyselenophenes) Having High Contrast Ratio and Coloration Efficiency , 2009 .

[26]  Cheolmin Park,et al.  Color combination of conductive polymers for black electrochromism. , 2012, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[27]  Levent Toppare,et al.  A neutral state green polymer with a superior transmissive light blue oxidized state. , 2007, Chemical communications.

[28]  J. Pomposo,et al.  Highly transparent electrochromic plastic device that changes to purple and to blue by increasing the potential , 2009 .

[29]  David R. Rosseinsky,et al.  Electrochromism and Electrochromic Devices , 2007 .