Defining and applying surrogate safety measures and behavioural indicators through site-based observations

surrogate safety measures; behavioural indicators; traffic safety; site-based observations; traffic conflicts; traffic conflict techniques; road user interactions

[1]  Chih-Wei Pai,et al.  Overtaking, rear-end, and door crashes involving bicycles: an empirical investigation. , 2011, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[2]  Jennie Popay,et al.  Synthesising research evidence. , 2001 .

[3]  L. Evans,et al.  Driver injury and fatality risk in two-car crashes versus mass ratio inferred using Newtonian mechanics. , 1994, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[4]  C. Hydén,et al.  Evaluation of traffic safety, based on micro-level behavioural data: theoretical framework and first implementation. , 2010, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[5]  Tarek Sayed,et al.  Methodologies for Aggregating Indicators of Traffic Conflict , 2011 .

[6]  Rune Elvik.  Operational Criteria of Causality for Observational Road Safety Evaluation Studies , 2006 .

[7]  D G Davies,et al.  Cyclists' assessments of road and traffic conditions: the development of a cyclability index , 2001 .

[8]  Rune Elvik,et al.  Incomplete Accident Reporting: Meta-Analysis of Studies Made in 13 Countries , 1999 .

[9]  Peter Aumann,et al.  Cycling Aspects of Austroads Guides (2017 Edition) , 2018 .

[10]  E. Braver,et al.  Fragility versus excessive crash involvement as determinants of high death rates per vehicle-mile of travel among older drivers. , 2003, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[11]  Rik de Groot,et al.  Design manual for bicycle traffic , 2007 .

[12]  Me Zeibots,et al.  Bike rider and bus driver interaction study - Draft report , 2012 .

[13]  Agachai Sumalee,et al.  Bus lane safety implications: a case study in Hong Kong , 2014 .

[14]  Jairus D. Flora,et al.  Alternative Measures of Restraint System Effectiveness: Interaction with Crash Severity Factors , 1982 .

[15]  Terje Moen,et al.  Comparison of driving simulator performance with real driving after alcohol intake: a randomised, single blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. , 2013, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[16]  Amit X Garg,et al.  Systematic review and meta-analysis: when one study is just not enough. , 2008, Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN.

[17]  Sean Burns,et al.  Is the three-foot bicycle passing law working in Baltimore, Maryland? , 2012, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[18]  K. A. BROOKHUIS,et al.  Criteria for driver impairment , 2003, Ergonomics.

[19]  A S Hakkert,et al.  Accident analysis and conflict behaviour , 1987 .

[20]  R Risser,et al.  Behavior in traffic conflict situations. , 1985, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[21]  Richard van der Horst.  Time-Related Measures for Modelling Risk in Driver Behaviour , 2005 .

[22]  Ann Petermans,et al.  Technieken voor de observatie en analyse van verkeersconflicten , 2007 .

[23]  P. Vignal.  [Traffic safety]. , 1952, Gazette medicale de France.

[24]  Mark S. Young,et al.  Human Factors of Visual and Cognitive Performance in Driving , 2010 .

[25]  Åse Svensson,et al.  A method for analysing the traffic process in a safety perspective , 1998 .

[26]  A James McKnight,et al.  Young novice drivers: careless or clueless? , 2003, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[27]  Ian Walker,et al.  The influence of a bicycle commuter's appearance on drivers' overtaking proximities: an on-road test of bicyclist stereotypes, high-visibility clothing and safety aids in the United Kingdom. , 2014, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[28]  C. Hydén.  THE DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR TRAFFIC SAFETY EVALUATION: THE SWEDISH TRAFFIC CONFLICTS TECHNIQUE , 1987 .

[29]  Nicolas Saunier,et al.  A Public Video Dataset for Road Transportation Applications , 2014 .

[30]  Brian L Allen,et al.  ANALYSIS OF TRAFFIC CONFLICTS AND COLLISIONS , 1978 .

[31]  Martin Skitmore,et al.  An Incident Database for Improving Metro Safety: The Case of Shanghai , 2016 .

[32]  Tarek Sayed,et al.  Traffic conflict standards for intersections , 1999 .

[33]  Raymond A. H. M. Swinkels.  Motor Vehicle Collision Injuries: Biomechanics, Diagnosis and Management, S. Lawrence Nordoff. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston, MA (2005), (638pp.), ISBN: 0763733350 , 2006 .

[34]  Nicolas Saunier,et al.  Review of current study methods for VRU safety. Appendix 6 – Scoping review: surrogate measures of safety in site-based road traffic observations: Deliverable 2.1 – part 4. , 2016 .

[35]  Ruey Long Cheu,et al.  QUANTITATIVE EXAMINATION OF TRAFFIC CONFLICTS , 1992 .

[36]  H. Akaike.  Factor analysis and AIC , 1987 .

[37]  MICHAEL SIVAK,et al.  Toward Understanding On-Road Interactions of Male and Female Drivers , 2011, Traffic injury prevention.

[38]  Seri Park,et al.  A method for identifying rear-end collision risks using inductive loop detectors. , 2006, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[39]  T. K. Osmann,et al.  InDeV: In-Depth understanding of accident causation for Vulnerable road users , 2016 .

[40]  Tom Brijs,et al.  Behavioural analysis of vehicle interactions at priority-controlled and right-hand priority intersections , 2012 .

[41]  Leif Linderholm.  Vidareutveckling av konflikttekniken för riskbestämning i trafiken , 1981 .

[42]  Brian Caulfield,et al.  Determining bicycle infrastructure preferences – A case study of Dublin , 2012 .

[43]  M. C. Thierry,et al.  An evaluation of speed management measures in Bangladesh based upon alternative accident recording, speed measurements, and DOCTOR traffic conflict observations , 2017 .

[44]  D J Gabauer,et al.  Comparison of delta-v and occupant impact velocity crash severity metrics using event data recorders. , 2006, Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine.

[45]  Guizhen Yu,et al.  Quantifying the Severity of Traffic Conflict by Assuming Moving Elements as Rectangles at Intersection , 2012 .

[46]  W D Glauz,et al.  CRITIQUE OF THE TRAFFIC-CONFLICT TECHNIQUE , 1977 .

[47]  Tarek Sayed,et al.  Safety performance functions using traffic conflicts , 2013 .

[48]  E Keskinen,et al.  Older drivers fail in intersections: speed discrepancies between older and younger male drivers. , 1998, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[49]  Geert Wets,et al.  Road Safety Differences between Priority-Controlled Intersections and Right-Hand Priority Intersections , 2013 .

[50]  M Livneh,et al.  A quantitative definition of the near-accident concept , 1979 .

[51]  Eric Rodgman,et al.  The role of driver distraction in traffic crashes , 2001 .

[52]  Stijn Daniels,et al.  Observing observation of road user behaviour: A scoping review into current practices in scientific literature , 2016 .

[53]  Stijn Daniels,et al.  Cyclists’ Safety at Channelized Right Turn Lanes: a Traffic Conflict Study Comparing Cases with Cyclists In and Out Priority , 2015 .

[54]  Paul D. Allison,et al.  Convergence Failures in Logistic Regression , 2008 .

[55]  Roger Johansson,et al.  Vision Zero – Implementing a policy for traffic safety , 2009 .

[56]  Tecnología do ar e espaço.  European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation , 2010 .

[57]  Theodore Watson Forbes,et al.  Analysis of "Near Accident" Reports , 1957 .

[58]  S. Ehsan Jafari Nasab,et al.  Investigating the influence of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks on driver behaviours and traffic accidents , 2015 .

[59]  S Oppe,et al.  THE MALMOE STUDY: A CALIBRATION OF TRAFFIC CONFLICT TECHNIQUES , 1984 .

[60]  Jon Espen Skogdalen,et al.  Developing safety indicators for preventing offshore oil and gas deepwater drilling blowouts , 2011 .

[61]  Christian J. Jerome,et al.  Time-to-Collision Judgments Under Realistic Driving Conditions , 2006, Hum. Factors.

[62]  Tamitza Toroyan,et al.  Global status report on road safety , 2009, Injury Prevention.

[63]  Henry Seifert.  RISK ANALYSIS OF ICE THROW FROM WIND TURBINES , 2003 .

[64]  A Hansson.  STUDIES IN DRIVER BEHAVIOUR, WITH APPLICATIONS IN TRAFFIC DESIGN AND PLANNING: TWO EXAMPLES , 1975 .

[65]  Nikiforos Stamatiadis,et al.  Evaluation of a simulation-based surrogate safety metric. , 2014, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[66]  Karim Ismail,et al.  Traffic conflict techniques for road safety analysis: open questions and some insights , 2014 .

[67]  G McGwin,et al.  Characteristics of traffic crashes among young, middle-aged, and older drivers. , 1999, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[68]  Stuart R Perkins,et al.  Traffic conflict characteristics-accident potential at intersections , 1968 .

[69]  E R Braver,et al.  Two-vehicle side impact crashes: the relationship of vehicle and crash characteristics to injury severity. , 1997, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[70]  Rebecca Armstrong,et al.  Cochrane Update. 'Scoping the scope' of a cochrane review. , 2011, Journal of public health.

[71]  Melissa J. Williams,et al.  Validity of the traffic conflicts technique , 1981 .

[72]  Brian N. Fildes,et al.  Intersection design for older drivers , 2006 .

[73]  Fred L. Mannering,et al.  The statistical analysis of crash-frequency data: A review and assessment of methodological alternatives , 2010 .

[74]  Nicolas Saunier,et al.  Transferability Study of Video Tracking Optimization for Traffic Data Collection and Analysis , 2016 .

[75]  Lars Åberg,et al.  Driver Behaviour in Intersections: Formal and Informal Traffic Rules , 2005 .

[76]  A Polus,et al.  Driver behaviour and accident records at unsignalized urban intersections. , 1985, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[77]  Geert Wets,et al.  Proactive Evaluation of Traffic Signs Using a Traffic Sign Simulator , 2015, European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research.

[78]  Florian Lange,et al.  The dark side of stimulus control--associations between contradictory stimulus configurations and pedestrians' and cyclists' illegal street crossing behavior. , 2011, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[79]  Davy Janssens,et al.  What drives people? Analyzing leisure-shopping trip decision making , 2011 .

[80]  Mohamed Abdel-Aty,et al.  Validating a driving simulator using surrogate safety measures. , 2008, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[81]  David Banister,et al.  How to Write a Literature Review Paper? , 2016 .

[82]  Leonard Evans,et al.  Do accident-involved drivers exhibit riskier everyday driving behavior? , 1982 .

[83]  Hao Wang,et al.  Study on Flow Direction Changing Method of Reversible Lanes on Urban Arterial Roadways in China , 2013 .

[84]  Tova Rosenbloom,et al.  Crossing at a red light: Behaviour of individuals and groups , 2009 .

[85]  Ian Walker,et al.  Drivers overtaking bicyclists: objective data on the effects of riding position, helmet use, vehicle type and apparent gender. , 2007, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[86]  K A Brookhuis,et al.  A comparison of different ways to approximate time-to-line crossing (TLC) during car driving. , 2000, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[87]  E. Asmussen.  International Calibration Study of Traffic Conflict Techniques , 1984 .

[88]  Rvd Horst,et al.  TIME-TO-COLLISION AS A CUE FOR DECISION-MAKING IN BRAKING , 1991 .

[89]  Jakub Montewka,et al.  A method for detecting possible near miss ship collisions from AIS data , 2015 .

[90]  Yasunori Iida,et al.  A MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF TRAFFIC CONFLICT CAUSED BY LANE-CHANGING VEHICLE AT WEAVING SECTION , 2003 .

[91]  Rune Elvik,et al.  Safety-in-numbers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence , 2017 .

[92]  Stijn Daniels,et al.  In search of the severity dimension of traffic events: Extended Delta-V as a traffic conflict indicator. , 2017, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[93]  Rune Elvik,et al.  Challenges of improving safety in very safe transport systems , 2014 .

[94]  Tom Brijs,et al.  Drivers behavioural responses to red-light-cameras , 2014 .

[95]  Nicolas Saunier,et al.  Cross-comparison of three surrogate safety methods to diagnose cyclist safety problems at intersections in Norway. , 2017, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[96]  Frits van den Berg,et al.  Can road traffic mask sound from wind turbines? Response to wind turbine sound at different levels of road traffic sound. , 2010 .

[97]  Asha Weinstein Agrawal,et al.  Shared-Use Bus Priority Lanes on City Streets: Case Studies in Design and Management , 2012 .

[98]  Geert Wets,et al.  To brake or to accelerate? Safety effects of combined speed and red light cameras. , 2014, Journal of safety research.

[99]  Kevin N. Balke,et al.  Next Generation Safety Performance Monitoring at Signalized Intersections Using Connected Vehicle Technology , 2014 .

[100]  Göran Nilsson,et al.  Traffic Safety Dimensions and the Power Model to Describe the Effect of Speed on Safety , 2004 .

[101]  Rune Elvik,et al.  Elementary Units of Exposure , 2009 .

[102]  George Bahouth,et al.  Characteristics of crashes that increase the risk of serious injuries. , 2003, Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine.

[103]  N. Muhlrad,et al.  The French Conflict Technique , 1984 .

[104]  D C Webster,et al.  The relation between the surface texture of roads and accidents , 1991 .

[105]  Paul St-Aubin,et al.  Driver Behaviour and Road Safety Analysis Using Computer Vision and Applications in Roundabout Safety , 2016 .

[106]  K Rumar,et al.  The basic driver error: late detection. , 1990, Ergonomics.

[107]  Alena Høye.  Still red light for red light cameras? An update. , 2013, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[108]  Susan A Ferguson,et al.  Collisions Involving Senior Drivers: High-Risk Conditions and Locations , 2006, Traffic injury prevention.

[109]  M C Frick,et al.  Seating position in cars and fatality risk. , 1988, American journal of public health.

[110]  Mats Wiklund,et al.  Landscape heritage objects' effect on driving: a combined driving simulator and questionnaire study. , 2014, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[111]  Bevan B. Kirley,et al.  Crashes of novice teenage drivers: characteristics and contributing factors. , 2008, Journal of safety research.

[112]  Ruediger Lamm,et al.  Highway Design and Traffic Safety Engineering Handbook , 1999 .

[113]  Jeremy Broughton,et al.  Getting off your bike: cycling accidents in Great Britain in 1990-1999. , 2003, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[114]  Nicolas Saunier,et al.  An Automated Surrogate Safety Analysis at Protected Highway Ramps Using Cross-Sectional and Before- , 2013 .

[115]  Thomas J Triggs,et al.  Driver distraction: the effects of concurrent in-vehicle tasks, road environment complexity and age on driving performance. , 2006, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[116]  John C Hayward,et al.  NEAR-MISS DETERMINATION THROUGH USE OF A SCALE OF DANGER , 1972 .

[117]  W. Shadish,et al.  Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference , 2001 .

[118]  E. Asmussen.  International Calibration Study of Traffic Conflict Techniques , 1984, NATO ASI Series.

[120]  Rune Elvik,et al.  Safety-in-numbers: Estimates based on a sample of pedestrian crossings in Norway. , 2016, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[121]  Ralf Risser,et al.  16. ICTCT Workshop: Bessere Verkehrssicherheit durch die Verbindung von Forschung mit Sicherheitspolitik und Management / 16. Ordinary Workshop of ICTCT - International Co-operation on theories and concepts in traffic safety , 2004 .

[122]  E Hauer,et al.  Research into the validity of the traffic conflicts technique. , 1986, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[123]  M M Minderhoud,et al.  Extended time-to-collision measures for road traffic safety assessment. , 2001, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[124]  Praprut Songchitruksa,et al.  The extreme value theory approach to safety estimation. , 2006, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[125]  E Hauer,et al.  EXTENT AND SOME IMPLICATIONS OF INCOMPLETE ACCIDENT REPORTING , 1988 .

[126]  Larry Head,et al.  Surrogate Safety Measures from Traffic Simulation Models , 2003 .

[127]  Ezra Hauer,et al.  Cause, effect and regression in road safety: a case study. , 2010, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[128]  Tarek Sayed,et al.  Probabilistic Framework for Automated Analysis of Exposure to Road Collisions , 2008 .

[129]  Rune Elvik,et al.  A re-parameterisation of the Power Model of the relationship between the speed of traffic and the number of accidents and accident victims. , 2013, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[130]  Bruno Agard,et al.  Mining Microscopic Data of Vehicle Conflicts and Collisions to Investigate Collision Factors , 2011 .

[131]  Ezra Hauer,et al.  Observational Before-After Studies in Road Safety , 1997 .

[132]  W H Janssen,et al.  AUTO-AUTO AND AUTO-BICYCLE INTERACTIONS IN PRIORITY SITUATIONS --ROAD USER BEHAVIOR. THEORY AND RESEARCH. PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROAD SAFETY HELD IN GRONINGEN, NETHERLANDS, AUGUST 1987 , 1988 .

[133]  H W Kruysse.  The subjective evaluation of traffic conflicts based on an internal concept of dangerousness. , 1991, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[134]  Eric Rodgman,et al.  Driver's exposure to distractions in their natural driving environment. , 2005, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[135]  M. Wolsink,et al.  Wind power implementation in changing institutional landscapes: An international comparison. , 2007 .

[136]  Ming-Chang Jeng,et al.  The use of a quasi-naturalistic riding method to investigate bicyclists' behaviors when motorists pass. , 2013, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[137]  M. Lombard,et al.  Content Analysis in Mass Communication: Assessment and Reporting of Intercoder Reliability , 2002 .

[138]  T. van der Schaaf,et al.  Defining near misses: towards a sharpened definition based on empirical data about error handling processes. , 2010, Social science & medicine.

[139]  Risto Kulmala.  The Finnish Traffic Conflict Technique , 1984 .

[140]  Rune Elvik,et al.  The importance of confounding in observational before-and-after studies of road safety measures. , 2002, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[141]  R. O’Brien,et al.  A Caution Regarding Rules of Thumb for Variance Inflation Factors , 2007 .

[142]  Tim Horberry,et al.  Distractions Outside the Vehicle , 2009 .

[143]  S Stradling,et al.  Behavioural characteristics and involvement in different types of traffic accident. , 1995, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[144]  Tarek Sayed,et al.  Use of Drivers’ Jerk Profiles in Computer Vision–Based Traffic Safety Evaluations , 2014 .

[145]  Joseph A Kufera,et al.  Delta V, principal direction of force, and restraint use contributions to motor vehicle crash mortality. , 2007, The Journal of trauma.

[146]  Davy Janssens,et al.  Mapping leisure shopping trip decision making: validation of the CNET interview protocol , 2013 .

[147]  H D Robertson,et al.  A USERS' GUIDE TO POSITIVE GUIDANCE , 1977 .

[148]  Geert Wets,et al.  Explanatory models for crashes at high-risk locations , 2011 .

[149]  A.R.A. van der Horst,et al.  Manual conflict observation technique DOCTOR (Dutch Objective Conflict Technique for Operation and Research) , 2013 .

[150]  Tom Brijs,et al.  Gedragsaanpassingen van bestuurders aan snelheids- en roodlichtcamera's: vervolgonderzoek effectiviteit van roodlichtcamera's , 2015 .

[151]  Stijn Daniels,et al.  Voorrangsgedrag en veiligheid op fietsoversteekplaatsen op bypasses: De invloed van de voorrangsregeling , 2016 .

[152]  Frank C. Leeming,et al.  Headway on urban streets: observational data and an intervention to decrease tailgating , 2000 .

[153]  Michael Hunter,et al.  Evaluation of Postencroachment Time as Surrogate for Opposing Left-Turn Crashes , 2013 .

[154]  M. Schemper,et al.  A solution to the problem of separation in logistic regression , 2002, Statistics in medicine.

[155]  Francesco Bella.  Can Driving Simulators Contribute to Solving Critical Issues in Geometric Design? , 2009 .

[156]  P J Cooper.  Predicting intersection accidents; the use of conflicts and other models based on traffic flow parameters to predict accident experience at non-signalized intersections , 1973 .

[157]  Joris C Verster,et al.  Standard operation procedures for conducting the on-the-road driving test, and measurement of the standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP) , 2011, International journal of general medicine.

[158]  Jean-Michel Auberlet,et al.  Impact of perceptual treatments on lateral control during driving on crest vertical curves: a driving simulator study. , 2008, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[159]  Stijn Daniels,et al.  Characteristics and Profiles of Moped Crashes in Urban Areas: An In-Depth Study , 2018, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board.

[160]  Omar Bagdadi,et al.  Jerky driving--An indicator of accident proneness? , 2011, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[161]  L Larsen,et al.  SPEED AND SAFETY. RESEARCH RESULTS FROM THE NORDIC COUNTRIES , 1990 .

[162]  Tom Brijs,et al.  IS THERE A SPILLOVER EFFECT OF A RIGHT TURN ON RED PERMISSION FOR BICYCLISTS , 2014 .

[163]  Karim Ismail,et al.  Freeway safety estimation using extreme value theory approaches: a comparative study. , 2014, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[164]  B R Spicer,et al.  A STUDY OF TRAFFIC CONFLICTS AT SIX INTERSECTIONS , 1973 .

[165]  Christer Hydén,et al.  Estimating the severity of safety related behaviour. , 2006, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[166]  Andrew P Tarko,et al.  Use of crash surrogates and exceedance statistics to estimate road safety. , 2012, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[167]  T. Brijs,et al.  Analyzing interactions between pedestrians and motor vehicles at two-phase signalized intersections-an explorative study combining traffic behaviour and traffic conflict observations in a cross-national context , 2012 .

[168]  R. Risser,et al.  Application of Traffic-Conflict Technique in Austria , 1984 .

[169]  Adli H Al-Balbissi,et al.  Role of Gender in Road Accidents , 2003, Traffic injury prevention.

[170]  Dominique Lord,et al.  Estimating the safety performance of urban road transportation networks. , 2004, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[171]  Robert J Carroll,et al.  The development of a naturalistic data collection system to perform critical incident analysis: an investigation of safety and fatigue issues in long-haul trucking. , 2006, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[172]  Mark Wardman,et al.  Models of perceived cycling risk and route acceptability. , 2007, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[173]  Katja Vogel,et al.  A comparison of headway and time to collision as safety indicators. , 2003, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[174]  Tom Brijs,et al.  Yielding behavior and traffic conflicts at cyclist crossing facilities on channelized right-turn lanes , 2018 .

[175]  P. Jacobsen.  Safety in numbers: more walkers and bicyclists, safer walking and bicycling , 2003, Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention.

[176]  J Devenport.  AN EVALUATION OF BUS LANE SAFETY , 1987 .

[177]  Stella C Shackel,et al.  Influence of road markings, lane widths and driver behaviour on proximity and speed of vehicles overtaking cyclists. , 2014, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[178]  Rune Elvik,et al.  Speed and road accidents : an evaluation of the power model , 2004 .

[179]  Douglas J Gabauer,et al.  Comparison of roadside crash injury metrics using event data recorders. , 2008, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[180]  Gudmundur F. Ulfarsson,et al.  Bicyclist injury severities in bicycle-motor vehicle accidents. , 2007, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[181]  Feng Guo,et al.  Driver crash risk factors and prevalence evaluation using naturalistic driving data , 2016, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[182]  William T Baker,et al.  AN EVALUATION OF THE TRAFFIC CONFLICTS TECHNIQUE , 1972 .

[183]  Tarek Sayed,et al.  A comparison of collision-based and conflict-based safety evaluations: the case of right-turn smart channels. , 2013, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[184]  R Elvik,et al.  The power model of the relationship between speed and road safety: update and new analyses , 2009 .

[185]  W D Glauz,et al.  APPLICATION OF TRAFFIC CONFLICT ANALYSIS AT INTERSECTIONS , 1980 .

[186]  John G. Lynch,et al.  Validity and the research process , 1986 .

[187]  A. Manstead,et al.  The Role of Affect in Predicting Social Behaviors: The Case of Road Traffic Violations , 1997 .

[188]  Marika Hoedemaeker,et al.  The value of site-based observations complementary to naturalistic driving observations: a pilot study on the right turn manoeuvre. , 2013, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[189]  Aliaksei Laureshyn,et al.  Application of automated video analysis to road user behaviour , 2010 .

[190]  Dominique Lord,et al.  Analysis of Pedestrian Conflicts with Left-Turning Traffic , 1996 .

[191]  P. J. Cooper,et al.  EXPERIENCE WITH TRAFFIC CONFLICTS IN CANADA WITH EMPHASIS ON "POST ENCROACHMENT TIME" TECHNIQUES .INTERNATIONAL CALIBRATION STUDY OF TRAFFIC CONFLICTS. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATO ADVANCED RESEARCH WORKSHOP , 1984 .

[192]  Hampton C. Gabler,et al.  Accuracy of a Damage-Based Reconstruction Method in NHTSA Side Crash Tests , 2012, Traffic injury prevention.

[193]  Nicolas Saunier,et al.  Clustering Surrogate Safety Indicators to Understand Collision Processes , 2014 .

[194]  G Helmers,et al.  Förarbeteende i gatukorsningar i relation till företrädesregler och vägutformning : En explorativ studie , 1978 .

[195]  Nicolas Saunier,et al.  Comparison of Various Time-to-Collision Prediction and Aggregation Methods for Surrogate Safety Analysis , 2014 .

[196]  Leonard Evans.  Age and fatality risk from similar severity impacts , 2001 .

[197]  Horst Schulze,et al.  The role of safety research in road safety management , 2010 .

[198]  T. Brijs,et al.  Priority Intersections: a Behavioral Analysis of Vehicle-Vehicle Interactions , 2012 .

[199]  T. Brijs,et al.  The effect of wind turbines alongside motorways on drivers’ behaviour , 2017 .

[200]  J Langley,et al.  Under-reporting of motor vehicle traffic crash victims in New Zealand. , 2001, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[201]  A L Glaze,et al.  PILOT STUDY OF DISTRACTED DRIVERS , 2003 .

[202]  H. Leibowitz,et al.  Age differences in estimating vehicle velocity. , 1991, Psychology and aging.

[203]  Kris Brijs,et al.  Ex-ante evaluatie van wegsignalisatie met een rijsimulator , 2013 .

[204]  Jeffery Archer,et al.  Indicators for traffic safety assessment and prediction and their application in micro-simulation modelling : a study of urban and suburban intersections , 2005 .

[205]  A. Horst.  A time-based analysis of road user behaviour in normal and critical encounters , 1990 .

[206]  Aliaksei Laureshyn,et al.  In search of surrogate safety indicators for vulnerable road users: a review of surrogate safety indicators , 2018 .

[207]  Tarek Sayed,et al.  Large-Scale Automated Analysis of Vehicle Interactions and Collisions , 2010 .

[208]  Kimberly A. Neuendorf,et al.  Reliability for Content Analysis , 2010 .

[209]  Tom Brijs,et al.  Sharing is (s)caring? Interactions between buses and bicyclists on bus lanes shared with bicyclists , 2017 .

[210]  G Tiwari,et al.  Conflict analysis for prediction of fatal crash locations in mixed traffic streams. , 1995, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[211]  Steven G Shelby,et al.  Delta-V as a Measure of Traffic Conflict Severity , 2011 .

[212]  H C Joksch,et al.  Velocity change and fatality risk in a crash--a rule of thumb. , 1993, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[213]  Gerald Brown,et al.  Traffic conflicts for road user safety studies , 1994 .

[214]  Geert Wets,et al.  Drivers' behavioral responses to combined speed and red light cameras. , 2015, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[215]  Tony Hak,et al.  Coder training: Theoretical training or practical socialization? , 1996 .

[216]  Rune Elvik,et al.  The Handbook of Road Safety Measures , 2009 .

[217]  Virginia P Sisiopiku,et al.  Visual Behavior Differences in Drivers Across the Lifespan: A Digital Billboard Simulator Study. , 2016, Transportation research. Part F, Traffic psychology and behaviour.

[218]  Philip Moore,et al.  Bus-Bike Interaction within the Road Network , 2005 .

[219]  Thomas J Triggs,et al.  Driving simulator validation for speed research. , 2002, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[220]  Stijn Daniels,et al.  "Crashing the gates" - selection criteria for television news reporting of traffic crashes. , 2015, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[221]  Mikael Nilsson,et al.  How Accurately Can We Measure from Video? Practical Considerations and Enhancements of the Camera Calibration Procedure , 2018, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board.

[222]  E Pasanen.  The video recording of traffic accidents , 1993 .

[223]  D. de Waard,et al.  Handbook of driving simulation for engineering, medicine and psychology , 2011 .

[224]  Wael K. M. Alhajyaseen,et al.  The Development of Conflict Index for the Safety Assessment of Intersections Considering Crash Probability and Severity , 2014, ANT/SEIT.

[225]  A Várhelyi,et al.  Drivers' speed behaviour at a zebra crossing: a case study. , 1998, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[226]  A. Feinstein,et al.  High agreement but low kappa: II. Resolving the paradoxes. , 1990, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[227]  Karim Ismail,et al.  Shifted Gamma-Generalized Pareto Distribution model to map the safety continuum and estimate crashes , 2014 .

[228]  Tarek Sayed,et al.  Automated Analysis of Road Safety with Video Data , 2007 .

[229]  A. Rajić,et al.  A scoping review of scoping reviews: advancing the approach and enhancing the consistency , 2014, Research synthesis methods.

[230]  Tom Kontogiannis,et al.  A proactive approach to human error detection and identification in aviation and air traffic control , 2009 .

[231]  Tim Blackman,et al.  Studying the Organisation and Delivery of Health Services , 2002 .

[232]  Hoong Chor Chin,et al.  Measurement of traffic conflicts , 1997 .

[233]  Michael G. Wilson,et al.  Community-based organizations in the health sector: A scoping review , 2012, Health Research Policy and Systems.

[234]  H Burg,et al.  Handbuch der Verkehrsunfallrekonstruktion. Unfallaufnahme - Fahrdynamik - Simulation , 2007 .

[235]  Ingrid van Schagen,et al.  Driving speed and the risk of road crashes: a review. , 2006, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[236]  Gary A Davis,et al.  Possible aggregation biases in road safety research and a mechanism approach to accident modeling. , 2004, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[237]  J Törnros,et al.  Driving behavior in a real and a simulated road tunnel--a validation study. , 1998, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[238]  Tarek Sayed,et al.  Surrogate Safety Assessment Model and Validation: Final Report , 2008 .

[239]  George Yannis,et al.  Challenges and Opportunities for the Assessment of the Effectiveness of Road Safety Measures , 2012 .

[240]  John Parkin,et al.  The effect of cycle lanes on the proximity between motor traffic and cycle traffic. , 2010, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[241]  E Hauer.  TRAFFIC CONFLICT SURVEYS: SOME STUDY DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS , 1978 .

[242]  Emmanuelle Amoros,et al.  Under-reporting of road crash casualties in France. , 2006, Accident; analysis and prevention.