Changing chiropractic’s subluxation rhetoric: Moving on from ‘deniers’, ‘vitalists’, and ‘unorthodox’, to realists, post-realists, and absurdists

Chiropractic rhetoric must advance beyond vitalists attacking subluxation deniers, and deniers holding firm to eminence over evidence. I am calling for clear and strong debate in which the issues and their evidence are examined in the manner of traditional philosophical debate. The purpose of this paper is to present two behaviours that will each change the profession and discipline’s narrative about subluxation, scilicet: (i) that an active, intellectual discussion occur and (ii) that it be published in any author’s preferred journal of record, indexed by the Chiropractic Library Collaboration with terms that will connect the papers, and be open access for all. To facilitate this change I present a palette of three terms with exposition to show how we can build our rhetoric into constructive argument from either a realist, a post-realist, or an absurdist view-point. For the reason the post-realist and absurdist’s positions are opinion, have not been thought-through, and show no appreciation of the paradox that they have no evidence at all supportive of that opinion, they should cease gaslighting the realists and anyone who opposes their position. Chiropractic realism is the conventional position of the majority of the profession and of the discipline. The realists quite rightly demand to see and discuss the evidence held by the post-realists.

[1]  C. Leboeuf‐Yde,et al.  Who are the chiropractic students favouring a limitless scope of practice? Exploring the relationship with personality, magical thinking, and academic achievement , 2022, Chiropractic & Manual Therapies.

[2]  D. Lawrence Letter to the editor: the global summit on the efficacy and effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy for the prevention and treatment of non-musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review of the literature , 2021, Chiropractic & Manual Therapies.

[3]  Leslie A K Takaki,et al.  Making a case for genomics in chiropractic education. , 2021, The Journal of chiropractic education.

[4]  Michael J. Schneider,et al.  Inter-examinerreliability study of physical examination procedures to assess the cervical spine , 2021, Chiropractic & Manual Therapies.

[5]  D. Newell,et al.  The global summit on the efficacy and effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy for the prevention and treatment of non-musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review of the literature , 2021, Chiropractic & Manual Therapies.

[6]  P. Ebrall THE PERSPECTIVE-DEPENDENT KNOWLEDGE CLAIM AS AN EXPLANATION OF CHIROPRACTIC ’ S SUBLUXATION CONUNDRUM , 2021 .

[7]  C. Leboeuf‐Yde,et al.  Misinformation, chiropractic, and the COVID-19 pandemic , 2020, Chiropractic & Manual Therapies.

[8]  P. Ebrall THE CONVENTIONAL IDENTITY OF CHIROPRACTIC AND ITS NEGATIVE SKEW , 2020 .

[9]  B. Walker,et al.  Predictors of instanteous relief from spinal manipulation for non-specific low back pain: a delphi study , 2020, Chiropractic & Manual Therapies.

[10]  Benjamin T. Brown,et al.  A united statement of the global chiropractic research community against the pseudoscientific claim that chiropractic care boosts immunity , 2020, Chiropractic & Manual Therapies.

[11]  S. French,et al.  So, what is chiropractic? Summary and reflections on a series of papers in Chiropractic and Manual Therapies , 2020, Chiropractic & Manual Therapies.

[12]  D. Richards The meaning and value of vitalism in chiropractic , 2020 .

[13]  R. A. Leach Doing the Same Thing and Expecting a Different Outcome: It Is Time for a Questioning Philosophy and Theory-Driven Chiropractic Research. , 2019, Journal of chiropractic humanities.

[14]  C. Leboeuf‐Yde,et al.  Chiropractic maintenance care - what’s new? A systematic review of the literature , 2019, Chiropractic & Manual Therapies.

[15]  D. Newell,et al.  The shape of chiropractic in Europe: a cross sectional survey of chiropractor’s beliefs and practice , 2019, Chiropractic & Manual Therapies.

[16]  C. Kent Proposed Neurobiological Processes Associated with Models of Vertebral Subluxation: Dysafferentation, Dyskinesia, Dysponesis, Dysautonomia, Neuroplasticity and Ephaptic Transmission , 2019, Archives in Neurology & Neuroscience.

[17]  C. Leboeuf‐Yde,et al.  Chiropractic, one big unhappy family: better together or apart? , 2019, Chiropractic & Manual Therapies.

[18]  S. Grace,et al.  Daniel David Palmer, the father of chiropractic: his heritage revisited. A story of enlightenment, spiritualism and innovation , 2019 .

[19]  Richard Brown Chiropractic as Part of the Solution to the World Crisis in Spine-related Disability. , 2018, Journal of chiropractic humanities.

[20]  T. A. Mirtz,et al.  The prevalence of the term subluxation in chiropractic degree program curricula throughout the world , 2018, Chiropractic & Manual Therapies.

[21]  P. Oakley,et al.  X-Ray Imaging is Essential for Contemporary Chiropractic and Manual Therapy Spinal Rehabilitation: Radiography Increases Benefits and Reduces Risks , 2018, Dose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society.

[22]  C. Leboeuf‐Yde,et al.  How frequent are non-evidence-based health care beliefs in chiropractic students and do they vary across the pre-professional educational years , 2018, Chiropractic & Manual Therapies.

[23]  J. Simpson,et al.  The schism in chiropractic through the eyes of a 1st year chiropractic student , 2018, Chiropractic & Manual Therapies.

[24]  C. Kent Chiropractic and Mental Health: History and Review of Putative Neurobiological Mechanisms , 2018 .

[25]  D. Newell,et al.  Contextually Aided Recovery (CARe): a scientific theory for innate healing , 2017, Chiropractic & Manual Therapies.

[26]  Richard A. Brown Spinal Health: The Backbone of Chiropractic’s Identity , 2016, Journal of chiropractic humanities.

[27]  A. Rosner Chiropractic Identity: A Neurological, Professional, and Political Assessment , 2016, Journal of chiropractic humanities.

[28]  B. Walker The new chiropractic , 2016, Chiropractic & Manual Therapies.

[29]  H. W. Christensen,et al.  The chiropractic profession in Denmark 2010–2014: a descriptive report , 2015, Chiropractic & Manual Therapies.

[30]  J. Doan,et al.  Relationship between chiropractic teaching institutions and practice characteristics among Canadian doctors of chiropractic: a random sample survey. , 2014, Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics.

[31]  K. Young Gimme that old time religion: the influence of the healthcare belief system of chiropractic’s early leaders on the development of x-ray imaging in the profession , 2014, Chiropractic & Manual Therapies.

[32]  C. Myburgh A qualitative exploration of key informant perspectives regarding the nature and impact of contemporary legislation on professional development: a grounded theory study of chiropractic in Denmark. , 2014, Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics.

[33]  Brian J. Gleberzon,et al.  Review of methods used by chiropractors to determine the site for applying manipulation , 2013, Chiropractic & Manual Therapies.

[34]  M. Mittelmark,et al.  The salutogenic model of health in health promotion research , 2013, Global health promotion.

[35]  Mit freundlichen Grüßen,et al.  [Letter to the Editor]. , 2020, Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany)).

[36]  J. Reggars Chiropractic at the crossroads or are we just going around in circles? , 2011, Chiropractic & manual therapies.

[37]  K. Wiberg,et al.  A retrospective study of chiropractic treatment of 276 danish infants with infantile colic. , 2010, Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics.

[38]  Rolf E Peters,et al.  The Subluxation - Historical Perspectives , 2009 .

[39]  J. Hartvigsen,et al.  A description of children and adolescents in Danish chiropractic practice: results from a nationwide survey. , 2009, Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics.

[40]  C. Leboeuf‐Yde,et al.  The Nordic maintenance care program: case management of chiropractic patients with low back pain--defining the patients suitable for various management strategies. , 2009, Chiropractic & osteopathy.

[41]  M. Gatterman Chiropractic in the Twenty-First Century , 2009 .

[42]  J. Mouton,et al.  The development of contemporary chiropractic education in Denmark: an exploratory study. , 2008, Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics.

[43]  J. Hartvigsen,et al.  Chiropractic patients in Denmark 2002: an expanded description and comparison with 1999 survey. , 2006, Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics.

[44]  D. J. L. Dc Technique Systems in Chiropractic , 2006 .

[45]  J. Jamison The chiropractic adjustment: The patients' perception , 2005 .

[46]  J. C. Keating Before Nugent took charge: early efforts to reform chiropractic education, 1919-1941 , 2003 .

[47]  R. P. Beideman AN ESSAY ON CHIROPRACTIC'S “INSTITUTE OF QUALIFICATION” , 1999 .

[48]  Jeremy Fairbank,et al.  Historical Perspective , 1987, Do We Really Understand Quantum Mechanics?.

[49]  L. Morgan Innate intelligence: its origins and problems. , 1998 .

[50]  D. Mierau,et al.  Canadian chiropractors’ attitudes towards chiropractic philosophy and scope of practice: implications for the implementation of clinical practice guidelines. , 1997 .

[51]  D. Chapman-Smith Legislative approaches to the regulation of the chiropractic profession. , 1996, Medicine and law.

[52]  C. Nelson THE SUBLUXATION QUESTION , 1997 .

[53]  M. Gatterman Foundations of Chiropractic: Subluxation , 1995 .

[54]  W. S. Rehm Price of dissension: the private wars of Dr. Leo L Spears, 1921-1956. , 1995, Chiropractic history : the archives and journal of the Association for the History of Chiropractic.

[55]  J. Jamison Chiropractic education: reflecting the paradigm dilemma of chiropractic practice. , 1994, Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics.

[56]  C. Lantz,et al.  The chiropractic theories : principles and clinical applications , 1994 .

[57]  R. P. Beideman Oakley Smith's schism of 1908: the rise and decline of naprapathy. , 1994, Chiropractic history : the archives and journal of the Association for the History of Chiropractic.

[58]  W. Wardwell,et al.  Chiropractic: History and Evolution of a New Profession. By Walter I. Wardwell. (St. Louis: Mosby, 1992. xvi, 358 pp. $42.95, ISBN 0-8016-6883-2.) , 1995 .

[59]  M. Gatterman The vertebral subluxation syndrome: is a rose by another name less thorny? , 1992 .

[60]  G. Plaugher,et al.  The inter- and intraexaminer reliability of the Gonstead pelvic marking system. , 1991, Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics.

[61]  N. Nilsson The chiropractic profession. , 1989, Ugeskrift for laeger.

[62]  M. V. Zarbuck A profession for 'Bohemian chiropractic': Oakley Smith and the evolution of naprapathy. , 1986, Chiropractic history : the archives and journal of the Association for the History of Chiropractic.

[63]  R. W. Gibbons Chiropractic's Abraham Flexner: the lonely journey of John J. Nugent, 1935-1963. , 1985, Chiropractic history : the archives and journal of the Association for the History of Chiropractic.