Probing insect backscatter cross-section and melanization using kHz optical remote detection system

kHz optical remote sensing system is implemented to determine melanization and backscatter cross-section in the near infrared (NIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) in situ. It is shown that backscatter cross-section in the SWIR is insensitive to melanization and absolute melanization can be derived from the ratio of backscatter cross-section in two bands (SWIR/NIR). We have shown that insects reflect more strongly in the SWIR as compared to NIR and Visible (VIS) in accordance with previous findings. This is illustrated using three different insects (Snow white moth (spilosoma genus), Fox moth (Macrothylacia) and Leather beetle (Odontotaenius genus)) and it is shown that the reflectance of the Leather beetle in the VIS and NIR is more affected by melanization as compared with snow white moth.

[1]  M. Kudenov,et al.  On the Exploitation of Mid-infrared Iridescence of Plumage for Remote Classification of Nocturnal Migrating Birds , 2013, Applied spectroscopy.

[2]  David S. Hoffman,et al.  Range-resolved optical detection of honeybees by use of wing-beat modulation of scattered light for locating land mines. , 2007, Applied optics.

[3]  J. Massaferro,et al.  Environmental disturbance and chironomid palaeodiversity: 15 kyr BP of history at Lake Mascardi, Patagonia, Argentina , 1998 .

[4]  R. Dilão,et al.  Modelling butterfly wing eyespot patterns , 2004, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[5]  M. Brydegaard,et al.  Effective Parameterization of Laser Radar Observations of Atmospheric Fauna , 2016, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[6]  M. Brydegaard,et al.  Insect monitoring with fluorescence lidar techniques: feasibility study. , 2009, Applied optics.

[7]  Sune Svanberg,et al.  Super Resolution Laser Radar with Blinking Atmospheric Particles - Application to Interacting Flying Insects , 2014 .

[8]  M. Lange,et al.  Effects of forest management on ground-dwelling beetles (Coleoptera; Carabidae, Staphylinidae) in Central Europe are mainly mediated by changes in forest structure , 2014 .

[9]  J. Delabie,et al.  [Ants as biological indicators of human impact in mangroves of the southeastern coast of Bahia, Brazil]. , 2006, Neotropical entomology.

[10]  W. R. Cooper,et al.  Temperature-Dependent Survival of Adult Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae) , 2015, Environmental entomology.

[11]  H. Kuze,et al.  Field-of-view dependence of lidar signals by use of Newtonian and Cassegrainian telescopes. , 1998, Applied optics.

[12]  M. Brydegaard.  Towards Quantitative Optical Cross Sections in Entomological Laser Radar – Potential of Temporal and Spherical Parameterizations for Identifying Atmospheric Fauna , 2015, PloS one.

[13]  E. Bruneau,et al.  Honeybee Colony Disorder in Crop Areas: The Role of Pesticides and Viruses , 2014, PloS one.

[14]  R. Murray,et al.  Flying Drosophila stabilize their vision-based velocity controller by sensing wind with their antennae , 2014, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[15]  Effect of Lunar Phases, Tides, and Wind Speed on the Abundance of Diptera Calliphoridae in a Mangrove Swamp , 2014, Neotropical Entomology.

[16]  H. H. E. Jayaweera,et al.  Rare Events in Remote Dark-Field Spectroscopy: An Ecological Case Study of Insects , 2012, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[17]  Joern Fischer,et al.  The disproportionate value of scattered trees , 2010 .

[18]  S. Altizer,et al.  The genetics of monarch butterfly migration and warning coloration , 2014, Nature.

[19]  Chensheng Lu,et al.  In situ replication of honey bee colony collapse disorder , 2012 .

[20]  A. Synytska,et al.  Effects of Topographic Structure on Wettability of Differently Woven Fabrics , 2008 .

[21]  E. Yang,et al.  Hunting efficiency and predation risk shapes the color-associated foraging traits of a predator , 2009 .

[22]  P. Pearman.  THE SCALE OF COMMUNITY STRUCTURE: HABITAT VARIATION AND AVIAN GUILDS IN TROPICAL FOREST UNDERSTORY , 2002 .

[23]  G. Smagghe,et al.  Pesticides and reduced-risk insecticides, native bees and pantropical stingless bees: pitfalls and perspectives. , 2015, Pest management science.

[24]  D. Renault,et al.  Insects in fluctuating thermal environments. , 2015, Annual review of entomology.

[25]  S. Harris,et al.  Abundance and Species Richness of Nocturnal Insects on Organic and Conventional Farms: Effects of Agricultural Intensification on Bat Foraging , 2004 .

[26]  D. Stavenga.  Thin Film and Multilayer Optics Cause Structural Colors of Many Insects and Birds , 2014 .

[27]  Erich G. Rohwer,et al.  Investigation of atmospheric insect wing-beat frequencies and iridescence features using a multispectral kHz remote detection system , 2014 .

[28]  B. Farouk,et al.  Scale‐dependent relationships between suspension‐feeding stream insects and water velocity in spatially heterogeneous flow environments , 2016 .

[29]  C. Menzie,et al.  A Causal Analysis of Observed Declines in Managed Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) , 2013, Human and ecological risk assessment : HERA.

[30]  O. Dangles,et al.  Simulating species loss following perturbation: assessing the effects on process rates , 2002, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[31]  M. Cooper,et al.  Interactions Within Susceptible Hosts Drive Establishment of Genetically Distinct Variants of an Insect-Borne Pathogen , 2015, Journal of economic entomology.

[32]  Aibing Zhang,et al.  Multiplex sequencing of pooled mitochondrial genomes—a crucial step toward biodiversity analysis using mito-metagenomics , 2014, Nucleic acids research.

[33]  S. Combes,et al.  Linking biomechanics and ecology through predator–prey interactions: flight performance of dragonflies and their prey , 2012, Journal of Experimental Biology.

[34]  Bo Wen,et al.  Experimental verification of the Generalized Nyquist stability criterion for balanced three-phase ac systems in the presence of constant power loads , 2012, 2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE).

[35]  Beat Naef-Daenzer,et al.  A predictive model of the density of airborne insects in agricultural environments , 2008 .

[36]  Robert Turner,et al.  A Case Study on the Application of the Nyquist Stability Criterion as Applied to Interconnected Loads and Sources on Grids , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[37]  J. Orivel,et al.  Diversity of peptide toxins from stinging ant venoms. , 2014, Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology.

[38]  D. Strong,et al.  Host selection by an insect herbivore with spatially variable density dependence , 2015, Oecologia.