Anatomical and Physical Properties of Indonesian Bamboos Carbonized at Different Temperatures

Tropical bamboo species, which have a very rapid growth rate, are considered as a promising non-timber forest product capable of exhibiting new functionality by carbonization technology. This study was conducted to compare the characteristics of carbonized bamboos from Andong (G. pseuudoarundinacea (Steudel) Widjaja), Hitam (G. atrovialacea), Tali (G. apus), Kuning (B. vulgaris Var. striata (Lodd. Ex Lindl)), and Ampel (B. vulgaris Scharad. ex Wendland), and Betung (D. asper). Each bamboo was carbonized at 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1,000 °C, respectively, and their physical and anatomical characteristics were investigated. The result showed that the volume and weight of carbonized bamboo decreased with increasing carbonization temperature and showed the substantial changes of volume and weight between 200 and 400 °C. The highest and the lowest density of carbonized samples were found in Ampel bamboo and Betung bamboo, respectively. The density of all carbonized bamboos tended to decrease after carbonization at 200 and 400 °C and relatively become constant afterwards. The carbonized bamboo prepared at 800 and 1,000 °C showed better refining degree. The results of the anatomical observation showed that the vascular diameter of carbonized bamboo decreased with increasing carbonization temperature, and the shrinkage in radial and tangential direction showed similar tendency. Statistical analysis showed that there was significant correlation between physical contraction and anatomical contraction. Based on the results of this study, comprehensive data about Indonesian bamboo charcoals could be obtained and it will be useful for future application studies.

[1]  Kim Namhun,et al.  Anatomical Characteristics of Korean Phyllostachys pubescens by Age , 2018 .

[2]  Nam-Hun Kim,et al.  Effects of Steam Treatment on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Oriented Strand Board , 2017, Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology.

[3]  Nam-Hun Kim,et al.  Carbonization characteristics of juvenile woods from some tropical trees planted in Indonesia , 2017 .

[4]  Nam-Hun Kim,et al.  Effect of Bamboo Species and Resin Content on Properties of Oriented Strand Board Prepared from Steam-treated Bamboo Strands , 2015 .

[5]  Pei-Hsing Huang,et al.  Effects of Carbonization Parameters of Moso-Bamboo-Based Porous Charcoal on Capturing Carbon Dioxide , 2014, TheScientificWorldJournal.

[6]  F. Febrianto,et al.  Natural Durability of Five Bamboo Species Against Termites and Powder Post Beetle , 2014 .

[7]  Prabir Basu,et al.  Biomass Gasification, Pyrolysis and Torrefaction: Practical Design and Theory , 2013 .

[8]  장재혁,et al.  Charcoal Properties and Temperature Change of a Kiln's Inner and Outer Walls in Carbonization Process Using an Improved Kiln , 2011 .

[9]  Nam-Hun Kim,et al.  Properties of oriented strand board made from Betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper (Schultes.f) Backer ex Heyne) , 2010, Wood Science and Technology.

[10]  Hui Wang,et al.  Adsorption of cadmium (II) ions from aqueous solution by a new low-cost adsorbent--bamboo charcoal. , 2010, Journal of hazardous materials.

[11]  Lee Sangmin,et al.  Manufacture of Crack-free Carbonized Board from Fiberboard , 2009 .

[12]  J. J. Pis,et al.  Influence of torrefaction on the grindability and reactivity of woody biomass , 2008 .

[13]  M. Lobovikov,et al.  World bamboo resources. A thematic study prepared in the framework of the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005 , 2007 .

[14]  Nam-Hun Kim,et al.  Anatomy of Quercus variabilis Charcoal Manufactured at Various Temperatures , 2006 .

[15]  Nam-Hun Kim,et al.  Morphological characteristics of Quercusvariabilis charcoal prepared at different temperatures , 2006, Wood Science and Technology.

[16]  Y. Hatate,et al.  Removal of nitrate-nitrogen from drinking water using bamboo powder charcoal. , 2004, Bioresource technology.

[17]  W. Liese,et al.  Research on bamboo , 1987, Wood Science and Technology.

[18]  Walter Liese,et al.  On the anatomy of Asian bamboos, with special reference to their vascular bundles , 1971, Wood Science and Technology.

[19]  K. Jung,et al.  A Morphological Comparison of Bamboo Zephyr Produced from Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis and Indonesian Gigantochloa apus , 2001 .

[20]  S. Iwasaki,et al.  Relationship between Production Method and Adsorption Property of Char , 1998 .

[21]  M. Yatagai,et al.  Development of Movable Charcoal-Making Kilns , 1989 .