Measuring power and satisfaction in societies with opinion leaders: an axiomatization

Opinion leaders are actors who have some power over their followers as they are able to influence their followers’ choice of action in certain instances. In van den Brink et al. (Homo Oeconomicus 28:161–185, 2011) we proposed a two-action model for societies with opinion leaders. We introduced a power and a satisfaction score and studied some common properties. In this paper we strengthen two of these properties and present two further properties, which allows us to axiomatize both scores for the case that followers require unanimous action inclinations of their opinion leaders to follow them independently from their own action inclinations.

[1]  Josep Freixas,et al.  Banzhaf Measures for Games with Several Levels of Approval in the Input and Output , 2005, Ann. Oper. Res..

[2]  Brad Verhulst,et al.  Conformity in Groups: The effects of groups on expressed attitudes , 2009 .

[3]  G. Owen Multilinear extensions and the banzhaf value , 1975 .

[4]  Nicola Stokburger-Sauer,et al.  A Comparison of Antecedents and Consequences of Market Mavens and Opinion Leaders , 2007 .

[5]  René van den Brink,et al.  Measuring domination in directed networks , 2000, Soc. Networks.

[6]  Roger B. Myerson,et al.  Graphs and Cooperation in Games , 1977, Math. Oper. Res..

[7]  P. Lazarsfeld,et al.  6. Katz, E. Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communications , 1956 .

[8]  Matthew Braham,et al.  Social power and social causation: towards a formal synthesis , 2008 .

[9]  Lloyd R. Bostian,et al.  The Two-Step Flow Theory: Cross-Cultural Implications , 1970 .

[10]  Verling C. Troldahl A FIELD TEST OF A MODIFIED “TWO-STEP FLOW OF COMMUNICATION” MODEL , 1966 .

[11]  Dan S. Felsenthal,et al.  Models and Reality: The Curious Case of the Absent Abstention , 2013 .

[12]  P. Straffin Homogeneity, independence, and power indices , 1977 .

[13]  Edward M. Bolger Power indices for multicandidate voting games , 1986 .

[14]  Hans Haller,et al.  Collusion properties of values , 1994 .

[15]  I. Welch,et al.  Rational herding in financial economics , 1996 .

[16]  David M. Estlund,et al.  Opinion leaders, independence, and Condorcet's Jury Theorem , 1994 .

[17]  Edward M. Bolger,et al.  Characterizations of two power indices for voting games with r alternatives , 2002, Soc. Choice Welf..

[18]  Bertrand Tchantcho,et al.  Voters' power in voting games with abstention: Influence relation and ordinal equivalence of power theories , 2008, Games Econ. Behav..

[19]  Roland Soong,et al.  Threshold models of interpersonal effects in consumer demand , 1986 .

[20]  Annick Laruelle,et al.  Assessing success and decisiveness in voting situations , 2005, Soc. Choice Welf..

[21]  Mark S. Granovetter Threshold Models of Collective Behavior , 1978, American Journal of Sociology.

[22]  James M. Buchanan,et al.  Rational Choice and Moral Order , 1988 .

[23]  S. Fiske,et al.  Social Psychology , 2019, Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences.

[24]  René van den Brink,et al.  On the Measurement of Success and Satisfaction , 2012 .

[25]  Agnieszka Rusinowska,et al.  Measuring Power and Satisfaction in Societies with Opinion Leaders: Dictator and Opinion Leaders , 2009 .

[26]  D. Felsenthal,et al.  The Measurement of Voting Power: Theory and Practice, Problems and Paradoxes , 1998 .

[27]  C. Hoede,et al.  A theory of decisional power , 1982 .

[28]  Edward M. Bolger,et al.  A consistent value for games with n players and r alternatives , 2000, Int. J. Game Theory.

[29]  Michel Grabisch,et al.  Measuring Influence Among Players with an Ordered Set of Possible Actions , 2008 .

[30]  Josep Freixas,et al.  Weighted voting, abstention, and multiple levels of approval , 2003, Soc. Choice Welf..

[31]  René van den Brink,et al.  Positional Power in Hierarchies , 2007 .

[32]  Peter Borm,et al.  Digraph Competitions and Cooperative Games , 2002 .

[33]  Sitabhra Sinha,et al.  Emergence of two-phase behavior in markets through interaction and learning in agents with bounded rationality , 2006 .

[34]  E. Leher An axiomatization of the Banzhaf value , 1988 .

[35]  Pradeep Dubey,et al.  Mathematical Properties of the Banzhaf Power Index , 1979, Math. Oper. Res..

[36]  T. E. S. Raghavan,et al.  Shapley Value for Multichoice Cooperative Games, I , 1993 .

[37]  Paul A. Thomas,et al.  Invisible decisive coalitions in large hierarchies , 1990 .

[38]  S. Asch Studies of independence and conformity: I. A minority of one against a unanimous majority. , 1956 .

[39]  Martin Shubik,et al.  A Method for Evaluating the Distribution of Power in a Committee System , 1954, American Political Science Review.

[40]  Wayne A. Danielson,et al.  Diffusion of Knowledge of the Major News Story , 1960 .

[41]  Frank Steffen Voting Power in Games with Abstentions , 2002 .

[42]  René van den Brink,et al.  Axiomatizations of Banzhaf permission values for games with a permission structure , 2010, Int. J. Game Theory.

[43]  D. Rae,et al.  Decision-Rules and Individual Values in Constitutional Choice , 1969, American Political Science Review.

[44]  S. Asch Effects of Group Pressure Upon the Modification and Distortion of Judgments , 1951 .

[45]  G. Bamossy,et al.  Consumer behavior: a European perspective , 1999 .

[46]  R. Brink An axiomatization of the disjunctive permission value for games with a permission structure , 1997 .

[47]  Marcin Malawski “Procedural” values for cooperative games , 2013, Int. J. Game Theory.

[48]  Dan S. Felsenthal,et al.  Ternary voting games , 1997, Int. J. Game Theory.

[49]  P. Lazarsfeld,et al.  The People's Choice: How the Voter Makes Up His Mind in a Presidential Campaign , 1968 .

[50]  Edward M. Bolger,et al.  A value for games withn players andr alternatives , 1993 .

[51]  Michel Grabisch,et al.  A model of influence with an ordered set of possible actions , 2010 .

[52]  Steven J. Brams,et al.  Power and Satisfaction in an Ideologically Divided Voting Body , 1981 .

[53]  Josep Freixas,et al.  The Shapley-Shubik power index for games with several levels of approval in the input and output , 2005, Decis. Support Syst..

[54]  P. Morriss,et al.  Power: A Philosophical Analysis , 1987 .