ACSM STRENGTH TRAINING GUIDELINES: Role in Body Composition and Health Enhancement

OBESITY AND CHRONIC DISEASE Body mass index (BMI), which is based on height and weight relationships, is the most frequently used predictor for classifications of overweight (BMI = 25.0 to 29.9) and obesity (BMI = 30 or higher). Using BMI, a recent report by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES IV) indicated that about 66% of the population is overweight, with more than 32% being obese (36). Because BMI does not account for the loss of lean weight associated with aging (12,13), it may underestimate the percentage of middleaged and older adults who have excess body fat (G22% for males, G32% for females) (2). Consider a 40-year-old woman who weighs 150 lbs and is 30% fat (45 lbs fat weight, 105 lbs lean weight). If she weighs the same at age 60 years, her BMI has not changed. However, if she has not engaged in resistance exercise, she most likely has lost 10 lbs of lean weight and added 10 lbs of fat weight making her 37% fat (55 lbs fat weight, 95 lbs lean weight) (11). When lean weight loss is taken into account, it is likely that even more American adults than the 66% identified by BMI calculations as overweight actually have too much body fat. Because excess fat is associated with a number of chronic diseases, such as Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease (2), as well as reduced life expectancy (37), it is essential to implement successful intervention strategies.

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