A Guide to Feeding Term and Preterm Newborns.

The management of feeding term and preterm newborns encompasses knowing the physiologic mechanics of nutritive feeding and requirements for good somatic and neurodevelopmental growth. Feeding in newborns can be fraught with challenges that each individual infant-family unit presents. Management is multifactorial and requires fluidity as the infant progresses. Pediatricians are tasked with one of the most important responsibilities in the newborn period-partnering with families to ensure optimal feeding regimen and infant growth. This article's aim is to outline general recommendations on evidence-based feeding practices in term and preterm infants with a goal to help guide pediatricians create an optimal individualized feeding regimen and address some known hurdles. [Pediatr Ann. 2020;49(2):e71-e76.].

[1]  C. McCulloch,et al.  Effect of Early Limited Formula on Breastfeeding Duration in the First Year of Life: A Randomized Clinical Trial. , 2019, JAMA pediatrics.

[2]  N. Butte,et al.  Complementary feeding and micronutrient status: a systematic review. , 2019, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[3]  T. Howe,et al.  Feeding Patterns and Parental Perceptions of Feeding Issues of Preterm Infants in the First 2 Years of Life , 2019, The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association.

[4]  D. Consonni,et al.  Do a Few Weeks Matter? Late Preterm Infants and Breastfeeding Issues , 2019, Nutrients.

[5]  A. Zwinderman,et al.  Early discharge of premature infants < 37 weeks gestational age with nasogastric tube feeding: the new standard of care? , 2019, European Journal of Pediatrics.

[6]  J. Neu,et al.  Gastrointestinal Development: Implications for Management of Preterm and Term Infants. , 2018, Gastroenterology clinics of North America.

[7]  W. Hay.  Nutritional Support Strategies for the Preterm Infant in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit , 2018, Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition.

[8]  Nathan C. Nickel,et al.  Infant Feeding and Weight Gain: Separating Breast Milk From Breastfeeding and Formula From Food , 2018, Pediatrics.

[9]  C. Odar Stough,et al.  Comparison of High and Normal Birth Weight Infants on Eating, Feeding Practices, and Subsequent Weight , 2018, Maternal and Child Health Journal.

[10]  S. Halken,et al.  Early nutrition and signs of metabolic syndrome at 6 y of age in children born very preterm. , 2018, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[11]  Christine L. Taylor,et al.  Iron Supplementation during Pregnancy and Infancy: Uncertainties and Implications for Research and Policy , 2017, Nutrients.

[12]  W. Hay,et al.  Preterm formula use in the preterm very low birth weight infant. , 2017, Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine.

[13]  A. Raaijmakers,et al.  Catch-Up Growth in Former Preterm Neonates: No Time to Waste , 2016, Nutrients.

[14]  G. Blackburn,et al.  Review of Infant Feeding: Key Features of Breast Milk and Infant Formula , 2016, Nutrients.

[15]  S. Jadcherla.  Dysphagia in the high-risk infant: potential factors and mechanisms. , 2016, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[16]  D. Tudehope.  Human milk and the nutritional needs of preterm infants. , 2013, The Journal of pediatrics.

[17]  Section On Breastfeeding,et al.  Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk , 2005, Pediatrics.

[18]  N. Rommel,et al.  Development of pharyngo‐esophageal physiology during swallowing in the preterm infant , 2011, Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society.

[19]  W. McGuire,et al.  Promoting growth for preterm infants following hospital discharge , 2011, Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition.

[20]  G. Seguranyes,et al.  Mechanics of sucking: comparison between bottle feeding and breastfeeding , 2010, BMC pediatrics.

[21]  W. Poole,et al.  Association of H2-Blocker Therapy and Higher Incidence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants , 2006, Pediatrics.

[22]  Susan M. Miller,et al.  Iron sulfate supplementation decreases zinc protoporphyrin to heme ratio in premature infants. , 2006, The Journal of pediatrics.

[23]  C. Lau,et al.  Coordination of suck‐swallow and swallow respiration in preterm infants , 2003, Acta paediatrica.

[24]  J. Högel,et al.  Hydrolyzed protein accelerates feeding advancement in very low birth weight infants. , 2002, Pediatrics.