On wheel loader fuel efficiency difference due to operator behaviour distribution

The focus in this paper is on how the operator behaviour affects the fuel efficiency and productivity of wheel loaders working in bucket applications in production chains. The methods are implemented on an empirical study on real wheel loaders but are also valid for simulator exercises. A theoretical fuel efficiency increase potential of up to 200% and productivity increase potential of up to 700% is concluded. An initial suggestion of a training tool that teach the operators to be as fuel efficient as possible for the production rate given by the site is also presented.