Fundamental neurological research and human neurosurgery using intense ultrasound.

Focused high intensity ultrasound can be used, under accurately controlled dosage conditions, to produce either temporary or permanent changes in practically any desired brain structure. Volumes of tissue smaller than one tenth of a cubic millimeter can be affected in deep brain structures of experimental animals (cats and monkeys), and regions as large as desired can be changed by moving the focal spot of the ultrasonic beams through an appropriately chosen path. The changes can be induced without adversely affecting intervening brain structure and without interrupting the vascular system even within the site in which irreversible or permanent changes in the neural components are produced. The selectivity and absence of effects on the intervening tissue make focused ultrasound a tool of considerable power for investigating basic brain mechanisms. It is now being used in an extensive experimental animal program involving neuroanatomical, behavioral and physiological studies. It is also being used to study and modify the symptoms of various neurological disorders in humans. The signs and symptoms which have been and are under investigation in human patients at the present time include abnormal movements (tremor and nonpatterned), muscular rigidity), intractable pain (following amputations, cerebral vascular accidents, the acute phase of herpes zoster) and hypersensitivity to stimulation of the body surface.

[1]  W. Fry,et al.  Temperature Changes Produced in Tissue during Ultrasonic Irradiation , 1953 .

[2]  H. Theismann,et al.  [The permeability of bone for ultrasound]. , 1949, Strahlentherapie.

[3]  William J. Fry,et al.  Action of Ultrasound on Nerve Tissue—a Review , 1953 .

[4]  W. Fry,et al.  Effects of high intensity ultrasound on the central nervous system of the cat , 1955, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[5]  W. Fry,et al.  Small localized ultrasonic lesions in the white and gray matter of the cat brain. , 1956, A.M.A. archives of neurology and psychiatry.

[6]  W. Fry,et al.  Production of reversible changes in the central nervous system by ultrasound. , 1958, Science.

[7]  W. Fry,et al.  Physical Factors Involved in Ultrasonically Induced Changes in Living Systems: I. Identification of Non‐Temperature Effects , 1950 .

[8]  R. C. Eggleton,et al.  Determination of topologic human brain representations and modifications of signs and symptoms of some neurologic disorders by the use of high level ultrasound , 1960, Neurology.

[9]  Floyd Dunn,et al.  Ultrasonic Irradiation of the Central Nervous System at High Sound Levels , 1956 .

[10]  W J FRY,et al.  Intense ultrasound in investigations of the central nervous system. , 1958, Advances in biological and medical physics.

[11]  L. Bakay,et al.  Ultrasonically produced changes in the blood-brain barrier. , 1956, A.M.A. archives of neurology and psychiatry.

[12]  W. Fry,et al.  Early experiences with ultrasonic irradiation of the pallidofugal and nigral complexes in hyperkinetic and hypertonic disorders. , 1959, Journal of neurosurgery.

[13]  G. Pincus,et al.  TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS FOR FREQUENCY OF RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS IN YOUNG MAMMALS , 1928, The Journal of general physiology.

[14]  W. Nauta,et al.  FOCAL DESTRUCTION OF NERVOUS TISSUE BY FOCUSED ULTRASOUND: BIOPHYSICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING ITS APPLICATION , 1956, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[15]  W J FRY,et al.  Ultrasonic lesions in the mammalian central nervous system. , 1955, Science.

[16]  William J. Fry.  Biological and Medical Acoustics , 1958 .

[17]  G. Ludwig,et al.  The Velocity of Sound through Tissues and the Acoustic Impedance of Tissues , 1950 .

[18]  W J FRY,et al.  Ultrasonically produced localized selective lesions in the central nervous system. , 1955, American journal of physical medicine.

[19]  W J FRY,et al.  Production of focal destructive lesions in the central nervous system with ultrasound. , 1954, Journal of neurosurgery.

[20]  W J FRY,et al.  USE OF INTENSE ULTRASOUND IN NEUROLOGICAL RESEARCH , 1958, American journal of physical medicine.

[21]  W J FRY.  Ultrasound in Neurology , 1956, Neurology.

[22]  W. Fry,et al.  Physical Factors Involved in Ultrasonically Induced Changes in Living Systems: II. Amplitude Duration Relations and the Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure for Nerve Tissue , 1951 .

[23]  W J FRY,et al.  Effects of Ultrasonic Vibrations on Nerve Tissues.∗ , 1951, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.

[24]  F J FRY.  PRECISION HIGH INTENSITY FOCUSING ULTRASONIC MACHINES FOR SURGERY , 1958, American journal of physical medicine.