Lyotropic liquid crystals

In mixtures of soap and water, the special properties of soap molecules cause them to form clusters—and clusters of clusters—in a variety of interesting geometrical shapes. Some of these aggregates are liquid crystals, known as lyotropic, which are quite different from thermotropic liquid crystals, the focus of most of the work described in this issue of PHYSICS TODAY. Lyotropic liquid crystals are now receiving a great deal of scientific and technological attention because of the way they reflect the unique properties of their constituent molecules.

[1]  F. Grandjean,et al.  Observations sur les « flüssige Kristalle » de M. O. Lehmann , 1910 .

[2]  A. Adamson.  Physical chemistry of surfaces , 1960 .

[3]  D. Chapman.  Phase transitions and fluidity characteristics of lipids and cell membranes , 1975, Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics.

[4]  P. Pershan.  Amphiphilic Molecules and Liquid Crystals , 1979 .

[5]  S. Asher,et al.  Alignment and defect structures in oriented phosphatidylcholine multilayers. , 1979, Biophysical journal.

[6]  N. Clark,et al.  Freely Suspended Ferroelectric Liquid-Crystal Films: Absolute Measurements of Polarization, Elastic Constants, and Viscosities , 1979 .

[7]  Clarence A. Miller,et al.  Observation of the parabolic focal conic structure and a disclination/dislocation relationship in a dilute lyotropic phase , 1979 .

[8]  R. Pindak,et al.  Long-Range Order in Two- and Three-Dimensional Smectic- B Liquid-Crystal Films , 1979 .

[9]  G. Benedek,et al.  Thermodynamic analysis of the growth of sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles , 1980 .

[10]  G. Tiddy.  Surfactant-water liquid crystal phases , 1980 .

[11]  D. Nicoli,et al.  Critical-Like Behavior Observed for a Five-Component Microemulsion , 1981 .

[12]  K. Fontell.  Liquid Crystallinity in Lipid-Water Systems , 1981 .

[13]  J. Charvolin,et al.  Structural relations between lyotropic phases in the vicinity of the nematic phases , 1981 .

[14]  W. K. Chan,et al.  Determination of the Permeation Coefficient in a Lyotropic Smectic Liquid Crystal by Annealing Elementary Edge Dislocations , 1981 .

[15]  V. Tscharner,et al.  An alternative view of phospholipid phase behavior at the air-water interface. Microscope and film balance studies. , 1981, Biophysical journal.

[16]  S. Asher,et al.  Hydration of single crystals of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. , 1981, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.