A novel multimode hybrid energy storage system and its energy management strategy for electric vehicles

Abstract This paper proposes a novel topology of multimode hybrid energy storage system (HESS) and its energy management strategy for electric vehicles (EVs). Compared to the conventional HESS, the proposed multimode HESS has more operating modes and thus it could in further enhance the efficiency of the system. The rule-based control strategy and the power-balancing strategy are developed for the energy management strategy to realize mode selection and power distribution. Generally, the DC–DC converter will operate at peak efficiency to convey the energy from the batteries to the UCs. Otherwise, the pure battery mode or the pure ultracapacitors (UCs) mode will be utilized without the DC–DC converter. To extend the battery life, the UCs have the highest priority to recycle the energy and the batteries are isolated from being recharged directly during regenerative braking. Simulations and experiments are established to validate the proposed multimode HESS and its energy management strategy. The results reveal that the energy losses in the DC–DC converter, the total energy consumption and the overall system efficiency of the proposed multimode HESS are improved compared to the conventional HESS.

[1]  Jun Xu,et al.  A new method to estimate the state of charge of lithium-ion batteries based on the battery impedance model , 2013 .

[2]  Jianqiu Li,et al.  A review on the key issues for lithium-ion battery management in electric vehicles , 2013 .

[3]  R.A. Dougal,et al.  Power enhancement of an actively controlled battery/ultracapacitor hybrid , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[4]  Binggang Cao,et al.  The State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on a Proportional-Integral Observer , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[5]  S. Saggini,et al.  Li-Ion Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Storage System for a Long Lifetime, Photovoltaic-Based Wireless Sensor Network , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[6]  O. Trescases,et al.  Predictive Algorithm for Optimizing Power Flow in Hybrid Ultracapacitor/Battery Storage Systems for Light Electric Vehicles , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[7]  Hiroshi Nagata,et al.  A lithium sulfur battery with high power density , 2014 .

[8]  Li Chen,et al.  Design and Analysis of an Electrical Variable Transmission for a Series–Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[9]  A. Emadi,et al.  A New Battery/UltraCapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric, Hybrid, and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[10]  Li Chen,et al.  Design and Analysis of a Novel Multimode Transmission for a HEV Using a Single Electric Machine , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[11]  Alireza Khaligh,et al.  Battery, Ultracapacitor, Fuel Cell, and Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Electric, Hybrid Electric, Fuel Cell, and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles: State of the Art , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[12]  Sarit Kraus,et al.  Switching algorithms for extending battery life in Electric Vehicles , 2013 .

[13]  A. Garrigos,et al.  Electric Vehicle Battery Life Extension Using Ultracapacitors and an FPGA Controlled Interleaved Buck–Boost Converter , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[14]  Lech M. Grzesiak,et al.  A lithium battery and ultracapacitor hybrid energy source for an urban electric vehicle , 2012 .

[15]  Xiaosong Hu,et al.  Comparison of Three Electrochemical Energy Buffers Applied to a Hybrid Bus Powertrain With Simultaneous Optimal Sizing and Energy Management , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[16]  Chee Wei Tan,et al.  A review of energy sources and energy management system in electric vehicles , 2013 .

[17]  Paulo G. Pereirinha,et al.  A Simulated Annealing Approach for Optimal Power Source Management in a Small EV , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[18]  Tingshu Hu,et al.  Control design for robust tracking and smooth transition in power systems with battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage devices ☆ , 2014 .

[19]  A. Kuperman,et al.  Design of a Semiactive Battery-Ultracapacitor Hybrid Energy Source , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[20]  Y. Hori,et al.  A simplified power management strategy for a supercapacitor/battery Hybrid Energy Storage System using the Half-Controlled Converter , 2012, IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.

[21]  Mohammad J. Mahjoob,et al.  Optimal energy management in a dual-storage fuel-cell hybrid vehicle using multi-dimensional dynamic programming , 2014 .

[22]  Saman K. Halgamuge,et al.  An Online Power-Balancing Strategy for a Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle Assisted by an Integrated Starter Generator , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[23]  Tomi Laurila,et al.  Heat generation in high power prismatic Li‐ion battery cell with LiMnNiCoO2 cathode material , 2014 .

[24]  Jorge Moreno,et al.  Energy-management system for a hybrid electric vehicle, using ultracapacitors and neural networks , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[25]  Joachim Bocker,et al.  Optimal energy management for a hybrid energy storage system combining batteries and double layer capacitors , 2009, 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.

[26]  Taehyung Kim,et al.  Novel Energy Conversion System Based on a Multimode Single-Leg Power Converter , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[27]  Haifeng Dai,et al.  A new electrochemical impedance spectroscopy model of a high-power lithium-ion battery , 2014 .

[28]  Xiaosong Hu,et al.  Longevity-conscious dimensioning and power management of the hybrid energy storage system in a fuel cell hybrid electric bus , 2015 .

[29]  Jorge Moreno,et al.  Ultracapacitor-Based Auxiliary Energy System for an Electric Vehicle: Implementation and Evaluation , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.