The undirected repetition threshold

For rational $1<r\leq 2$, an undirected $r$-power is a word of the form $xyx'$, where $x$ is nonempty, $x'\in\{x,x^\mathrm{R}\}$, and $|xyx'|/|xy|=r$. The undirected repetition threshold for $k$ letters, denoted $\mathrm{URT}(k)$, is the infimum of the set of all $r$ such that undirected $r$-powers are avoidable on $k$ letters. We first demonstrate that $\mathrm{URT}(3)=\tfrac{7}{4}$. Then we show that $\mathrm{URT}(k)\geq \tfrac{k-1}{k-2}$ for all $k\geq 4$. We conjecture that $\mathrm{URT}(k)=\tfrac{k-1}{k-2}$ for all $k\geq 4$, and we confirm this conjecture for $k\in\{4,8,12\}.$

[1]  James D. Currie,et al.  A proof of Dejean's conjecture , 2009, Math. Comput..

[2]  James D. Currie,et al.  Dejean's conjecture holds for $\sf {N\ge 27}$ , 2009, RAIRO Theor. Informatics Appl..

[3]  Arseny M. Shur,et al.  On the existence of Minimal β-powers , 2011, Int. J. Found. Comput. Sci..

[4]  I Tomohiro,et al.  Improved Upper Bounds on all Maximal α-gapped Repeats and Palindromes , 2019, Theor. Comput. Sci..

[5]  Anna E. Frid Overlap-free symmetric D0L words , 2001, Discret. Math. Theor. Comput. Sci..

[6]  Jean-Jacques Pansiot A propos d'une conjecture de F. Dejean sur les répétitions dans les mots , 1984, Discret. Appl. Math..

[7]  Arnaud Lefebvre,et al.  Abelian Powers and Repetitions in Sturmian Words , 2015, Theor. Comput. Sci..

[8]  James D. Currie,et al.  A family of formulas with reversal of high avoidability index , 2016, Int. J. Algebra Comput..

[9]  Arseny M. Shur,et al.  On the Existence of Minimal beta-Powers , 2010, Developments in Language Theory.

[10]  James D. Currie,et al.  Avoidability Index for Binary Patterns with Reversal , 2016, Electron. J. Comb..

[11]  James D. Currie,et al.  Avoidance bases for formulas with reversal , 2018, Theor. Comput. Sci..

[12]  James D. Currie,et al.  Avoiding Patterns in the Abelian Sense , 2001, Canadian Journal of Mathematics.

[13]  F. Michel Dekking,et al.  Strongly Non-Repetitive Sequences and Progression-Free Sets , 1979, J. Comb. Theory, Ser. A.

[14]  Michaël Rao,et al.  Last cases of Dejean's conjecture , 2011, Theor. Comput. Sci..

[15]  Matthieu Rosenfeld,et al.  Every Binary Pattern of Length Greater Than 14 Is Abelian-2-Avoidable , 2016, MFCS.

[16]  James D. Currie,et al.  Words Strongly Avoiding Fractional Powers , 1999, Eur. J. Comb..

[17]  Arturo Carpi,et al.  On Dejean's conjecture over large alphabets , 2007, Theor. Comput. Sci..

[18]  James D. Currie,et al.  Dejean's conjecture and Sturmian words , 2007, Eur. J. Comb..

[19]  James D. Currie,et al.  Long binary patterns are Abelian 2-avoidable , 2008, Theor. Comput. Sci..

[20]  Benny Sudakov,et al.  Unavoidable patterns , 2008, J. Comb. Theory, Ser. A.

[21]  Franz-Josef Brandenburg,et al.  Uniformly Growing k-TH Power-Free Homomorphisms , 1988, Theor. Comput. Sci..

[22]  Florin Manea,et al.  Longest α-Gapped Repeat and Palindrome , 2015, FCT.

[23]  Françoise Dejean,et al.  Sur un Théorème de Thue , 1972, J. Comb. Theory A.

[24]  Hamoon Mousavi,et al.  Automatic Theorem Proving in Walnut , 2016, ArXiv.

[25]  Veikko Keränen,et al.  Abelian Squares are Avoidable on 4 Letters , 1992, ICALP.

[26]  Arseny M. Shur,et al.  On Abelian repetition threshold , 2012, RAIRO Theor. Informatics Appl..

[27]  Arseny M. Shur Growth of Power-Free Languages over Large Alphabets , 2013, Theory of Computing Systems.

[28]  Maxime Crochemore,et al.  Optimal bounds for computing α-gapped repeats , 2019, Inf. Comput..

[29]  J. Berstel Axel Thue''s papers on repetitions in words: a translation. In: Publications du LaCIM, vol. 20. U , 1992 .

[30]  Jean Moulin Ollagnier,et al.  Proof of Dejean's Conjecture for Alphabets with 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 Letters , 1992, Theor. Comput. Sci..

[31]  Philippe Duchon,et al.  Gapped Pattern Statistics , 2017, CPM.