An application of network analysis on tourist attractions: The case of Xinjiang, China

Abstract This study constitutes a novel application of network analysis to explore the underlying mechanisms of tourist attraction network informed by tourist flows. Using survey data collected from a sample of 456 tourists visiting Xinjiang, China, the study applies the Quadratic Assignment Procedure (QAP) to test the relationships between region proximity , grade proximity , and tenure proximity , and the attraction network determined by tourists' free choice movements. Results show that while region proximity and tenure proximity among major attractions in a destination were positively related to attraction network, grade proximity was negatively related to the attraction network, indicating that same grade attractions were mostly competing with one another for tourists. The study contributes to the methodological development of social network analysis in tourism and advances understanding of demand-driven network relationships among tourist attractions in a destination. Destination management implications are discussed.

[1]  J. Albrecht Networking for sustainable tourism – towards a research agenda , 2013 .

[2]  Billy Bai,et al.  Overseas Tourist Movement Patterns in Beijing: The Impact of the Olympic Games , 2012 .

[3]  S. Moore,et al.  Wildlife tourism, science and actor-network theory , 2009 .

[4]  B. Schmitz,et al.  Networks, clusters and innovation in tourism: a UK experience , 2006 .

[5]  Simona Gozzo,et al.  Building Tourism Networks through Tourist Mobility , 2016 .

[6]  R. Baggio Collaboration and cooperation in a tourism destination: a network science approach , 2011 .

[7]  F. Dimanche,et al.  A TOURISM INNOVATION CASE An Actor-Network Approach , 2010 .

[8]  Kathryn Pavlovich,et al.  A rhizomic approach to tourism destination evolution and transformation , 2014 .

[9]  J. Aarstad,et al.  Network position and tourism firms' co-branding practice , 2015 .

[10]  Consumer Perceptions Of Tourist Attractions , 1990 .

[11]  Akbar Zaheer,et al.  Geography, Networks, and Knowledge Flow , 2007, Organ. Sci..

[12]  D. Getz,et al.  A network perspective on managing stakeholders for sustainable urban tourism , 2008 .

[13]  B. Fingleton,et al.  Network Relations and Local Economic Development: Some Causes of Differentiated Network Structures and Intensities among Turkish Industrial Firms , 2006 .

[14]  A. Zaheer,et al.  It's the Connections: The Network Perspective in Interorganizational Research , 2010 .

[15]  Daniel R. Fesenmaier,et al.  Multidestination Pleasure Travel Patterns: Empirical Evidence from the American Travel Survey , 2003 .

[16]  Kuldeep Kumar,et al.  Sustainable Collaboration: Managing Conflict and Cooperation in Interorganizational Systems , 1996, MIS Q..

[17]  Bihu Wu,et al.  Tourism Knowledge Domains: A Keyword Analysis , 2012 .

[18]  Paul Lynch,et al.  Small tourism business networks and destination development , 2001 .

[19]  Pascal Tremblay,et al.  The economic organization of tourism , 1998 .

[20]  C. A. Gunn Vacationscape: Developing Tourist Areas , 1997 .

[21]  E. Inskeep Tourism Planning: An Integrated and Sustainable Development Approach. Edward Inskeep. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 115 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10003. 1991. 508p , 1991 .

[22]  Rodolfo Baggio,et al.  Destination networks: Four Australian cases , 2008 .

[23]  M. Porter The Competitive Advantage Of Nations , 1990 .

[24]  D. Pearce,et al.  Destinations: tourists’ perspectives from New Zealand , 2015 .

[25]  Liam Fahey,et al.  The resource-based view and marketing: The role of market-based assets in gaining competitive advantage , 2001 .

[26]  Jin-Yong Choi,et al.  Evaluating spatial centrality for integrated tourism management in rural areas using GIS and network analysis , 2013 .

[27]  Emmanuelle Vaast,et al.  Innovating or Doing as Told? Status Differences and Overlapping Boundaries in Offshore Collaboration , 2008, MIS Q..

[28]  J. Pulido‐Fernández,et al.  Analysing relationships in tourism: A review , 2016 .

[29]  Clark Hu,et al.  Visual representation of knowledge networks: A social network analysis of hospitality research domain , 2008 .

[30]  David Krackhardt,et al.  PREDICTING WITH NETWORKS: NONPARAMETRIC MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF DYADIC DATA * , 1988 .

[31]  Michael J. Enright,et al.  10. Regional Clusters and Economic Development: A Research Agenda , 1996 .

[32]  Nell Leiper,et al.  The framework of tourism: Towards a definition of tourism, tourist, and the tourist industry , 1979 .

[33]  Hilal Erkuş-Öztürk The role of cluster types and firm size in designing the level of network relations: The experience of the Antalya tourism region ☆ , 2009 .

[34]  Clark Hu,et al.  A social network perspective of tourism research collaborations , 2010 .

[35]  J. Aarstad,et al.  Development of tourism destinations: An Integrated Multilevel Perspective , 2011 .

[36]  Rob Law,et al.  A Coauthorship Network Analysis of Tourism and Hospitality Research Collaboration , 2013 .

[37]  Kathryn Pavlovich,et al.  The evolution and transformation of a tourism destination network: the Waitomo Caves, New Zealand , 2003 .

[38]  P. Benckendorff Themes and Trends in Australian and New Zealand Tourism Research: A Social Network Analysis of Citations in Two Leading Journals (1994–2007) , 2009 .

[39]  L. Gamm An Introduction to Research in Interorganizational Relations (IOR) , 1981 .

[40]  Stanley Wasserman,et al.  Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications , 1994 .

[41]  Bob McKercher,et al.  Understanding Tourist Movement Patterns in a Destination: A GIS Approach , 2006 .

[42]  B. Mckercher,et al.  Modeling Tourist Movements: A Local Destination Analysis , 2006 .

[43]  C. Cooper,et al.  Network Science , 2010 .

[44]  A. Mattoo,et al.  The crisis-resilience of services trade , 2009 .

[45]  Rodolfo Baggio,et al.  Network Analysis and Tourism: From Theory to Practice , 2008 .

[46]  A. Morrison,et al.  The local destination tourism network: Development issues , 2005 .

[47]  Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz,et al.  A Model of Strategic Evaluation of a Tourism Destination Based on Internal and Relational Capabilities , 2008 .

[48]  Frank M. Go,et al.  The key capabilities required for managing tourism business networks , 2009 .

[49]  Rodolfo Baggio,et al.  Knowledge transfer in a tourism destination: the effects of a network structure , 2009, 0905.2734.

[50]  Tianyu Ying,et al.  Knowledge Linkage , 2012 .

[51]  T. Huan,et al.  Network behavior as driving forces for tourism flows , 2015 .

[52]  V. Schaffer,et al.  An analysis of the networks evolving from an artificial reef development , 2012 .

[53]  Stephen J. Page,et al.  Destination Marketing Organizations and destination marketing: a narrative analysis of the literature. , 2014 .

[54]  Zheng Xiang,et al.  Toward a Theoretical Framework of Collaborative Destination Marketing , 2007 .

[55]  Gunnar Thór Jóhannesson,et al.  Tourism translations , 2005 .

[56]  John Scott Social Network Analysis , 1988 .

[57]  Hsin-Yu Shih,et al.  Network characteristics of drive tourism destinations: An application of network analysis in tourism , 2006 .