Control of Reactive Power in Distribution Systems with an End-Load and Varying Load Condition

The flow of the reactive power in utility systems produces losses which utility engineers attempt to keep at a minimum level by the installation of capacitor banks. Previous work focussed on obtaining the optimal conditions for a fixed load level. The present paper deals with the conditions of fixed load, growth in the load and the presence of end-load in the feeder. A mathematical analysis of shunt capacitor application for the reductions of peak power loss and energy loss for a uniform feeder with an end-load condition is presented. Generalized equations for calculating the reductions of peak power and energy losses in a feeder are derived. The optimum location and the rating of the capacitor banks on feeders with uniformly distributed loads and end-load injection are developed. A method to assess the economical effectiveness of whether or not to install capacitor banks in a condition of load growth is also given. The method is applied to a test case of a practical system.

[1]  Y. G. Bae,et al.  Analytical Method of Capacitor Allocation on Distribution Primary Feeders , 1978, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[2]  R. F. Cook,et al.  Optimizing the Application of Shunt Capacitors for Reactive-Volt-Ampere Control and Loss Reduction , 1961, Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. Part III: Power Apparatus and Systems.

[3]  Richard F. Cook,et al.  Calculating Loss Reduction Afforded by Shunt Capacitor Application , 1964 .

[4]  N. M. Neagle,et al.  Loss Reduction from Capacitors Installed on Primary Feeders [includes discussion] , 1956, Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. Part III: Power Apparatus and Systems.

[5]  R. F. Cook,et al.  Analysis of Capacitor Application as Affected by Load Cycle , 1959, Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. Part III: Power Apparatus and Systems.

[6]  J. V. Schmill,et al.  Optimum Size and Location of Shunt Capacitors on Distribution Feeders , 1965 .

[7]  Tharwat Fawzi,et al.  New Approach for the Application of Shunt Capacitors to the Primary Distribution Feeders , 1983, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[8]  Nelson E. Chang,et al.  Determination of Primary-Feeder Losses , 1968 .

[9]  Nelson E. Chang,et al.  Locating Shunt Capacitors on Primary Feeder for Voltage Control and Loss Reduction , 1969 .

[10]  Nelson E. Chang,et al.  Generalized Equations on Loss Reduction with Shunt Capacitor , 1972 .

[11]  Hernando Dura,et al.  Optimum Number, Location, and Size of Shunt Capacitors in Radial Distribution Feeders A Dynamic Programming Approach , 1968 .