New Zealand seismicity: Patterns revealed by the upgraded National Seismograph Network

Abstract The upgrade of the New Zealand National Seismograph Network in the late 1980s has enabled more accurate earthquake locations to be determined. The catalogue data for events occurring from January 1990 until the end of February 1993 show some new patterns that have not been identified in previous observation periods, and also confirm the persistence of some phenomena observed previously, such as the aseismic corridor through the Nelson region. The deep seismicity data show spatial patterns remarkably similar to those for higher magnitude events recognised by Reyners in 1989. The Hikurangi Benioff zone is marked by intense seismic activity at depths between 150 and 200 km beneath the Central Volcanic Region; it has a sharp discontinuity beneath northwest Nelson and it extends as far southwest as Westport. The Fiordland Benioff zone is distinctly more seismically active in its northern block, and activity is noticeably concentrated in a zone to the west of Lake Te Anau. Shallow earthquakes (depth <1...

[1]  J. Jackson,et al.  Focal mechanisms of large earthquakes in the South Island of New Zealand: implications for the accommodation of Pacific‐Australia plate motion , 1993 .

[2]  M. Reyners New Zealand seismicity 1964–87: An interpretation , 1989 .

[3]  R. Norris,et al.  Estimates for the timing of the last coseismic displacement on the Alpine Fault, northern Fiordland, New Zealand , 1990 .

[4]  Spatial clustering and stress drops of foreshocks of the February 1990 Tennyson and Weber, New Zealand, earthquakes , 1994 .

[5]  J. Cole Structural control and origin of volcanism in the Taupo volcanic zone, New Zealand , 1990 .

[6]  F. Davey,et al.  Seismic reflection and refraction studies of the Raukumara forearc basin, New Zealand , 1986 .

[7]  E. Smith,et al.  Subduction and back-arc activity at the Hikurangi convergent Margin, New Zealand , 1989 .

[8]  T. Hatherton Shallow seismicity in New Zealand 1956–75 , 1980 .

[9]  I. Wright Pre-spread rifting and heterogeneous volcanism in the southern Havre Trough back-arc basin , 1993 .

[10]  R. Adams,et al.  Subcrustal earthquakes beneath New Zealand; Locations determined with a laterally inhomogeneous velocity model , 1977 .

[11]  R. Dissen,et al.  Paleoseismicity of the Wellington ‐ Hutt Valley Segment of the Wellington Fault, North Island, New Zealand , 1992 .

[12]  M. Reyners A Microearthquake Study of the Plate Boundary, North Island, New Zealand , 1980 .

[13]  W. Bakun,et al.  Slip partitioning of the Calaveras Fault, California, and prospects for future earthquakes , 1990 .

[14]  Ken Gledhill,et al.  The EARSS digital seismograph: System description and field trials , 1991 .

[15]  D. Darby,et al.  Possible source models for the 1855 Wairarapa Earthquake, New Zealand , 1992 .

[16]  X. Luo Subduction interface and crustal structure in the Cape Palliser region, North Island, New Zealand, from observations of Cape Palliser earthquakes , 1992 .

[17]  K. Berryman Late Quaternary movement on the Wellington Fault in the Upper Hutt area, New Zealand , 1990 .

[18]  R. O’Connell,et al.  Deformation of a weak subducted slab and variation of seismicity with depth , 1993, Nature.

[19]  J. Oliver,et al.  Descent of Lithosphere beneath New Hebrides, Tonga-Fiji and New Zealand: Evidence for Detached Slabs , 1973, Nature.

[20]  J. Bradshaw A review of the Median Tectonic Zone: Terrane boundaries and terrane amalgamation near the Median Tectonic Line , 1993 .

[21]  S. Wesnousky Seismicity as a function of cumulative geologic offset: Some observations from southern California , 1990 .

[22]  J. Jackson,et al.  The 1968 May 23 Inangahua, New Zealand, earthquake: An integrated geological, geodetic, and seismological source model , 1994 .

[23]  T. Hatherton Gravity, seismicity, and tectonics of the North Island, New Zealand , 1970 .

[24]  R. Robinson Shallow subduction tectonics and fault interaction: The Weber, New Zealand, earthquake sequence of 1990–1992 , 1994 .

[25]  M. Reyners Lateral segmentation of the subducted plate at the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand: Seismological evidence , 1983 .

[26]  J. Ansell The location and mislocation of subcrustal earthquakes , 1978 .

[27]  F. Davey,et al.  Crustal and upper mantle structure of the northwestern North Island, New Zealand, from seismic refraction data , 1987 .

[28]  W. J. Arabasz,et al.  Microseismicity and geologic structure in the northern South Island, New Zealand , 1976 .

[29]  R. Robinson Seismicity, structure and tectonics of the Wellington region, New Zealand , 1986 .

[30]  M. Reyners,et al.  The transition from subduction to continental collision: crustal structure in the North Canterbury region, New Zealand , 1993 .

[31]  Steven G. Wesnousky,et al.  Seismological and structural evolution of strike-slip faults , 1988, Nature.

[32]  T. Stern,et al.  Basin formation behind an active subduction zone: three-dimensional flexural modelling of Wanganui Basin, New Zealand , 1992 .

[33]  S. Nodder Neotectonics of the offshore Cape Egmont Fault Zone, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand , 1993 .

[34]  M. Richards,et al.  Large-scale mantle convection and the history of subduction , 1992, Nature.

[35]  D. Christoffel,et al.  Upper Mantle Viscosity Determined from Stokes's Law , 1973 .

[36]  F. Davey,et al.  Faults in Cook Strait and their bearing on the structure of central New Zealand , 1988 .

[37]  J. Ansell,et al.  Detailed structure of a mantle seismic zone using the homogeneous station method , 1975, Nature.

[38]  Richard G. Gordon,et al.  Current plate motions , 1990 .

[39]  K. Gledhill,et al.  Tearing of the Subducted Australian Plate During the Te Anau, New Zealand, Earthquake of 1988 June 3 , 1991 .

[40]  H. Bibby,et al.  The last 25 Ma of rotational deformation in part of the New Zealand plate-boundary zone , 1989 .

[41]  A. Haines A local magnitude scale for New Zealand earthquakes , 1981 .

[42]  L. Jones Focal mechanisms and the state of stress on the San Andreas Fault in southern California , 1988 .

[43]  C. Richter An instrumental earthquake magnitude scale , 1935 .

[44]  D. Darby,et al.  A new geodetic estimate of deformation in the Central Volcanic Region of the North Island, New Zealand , 1991 .

[45]  R. Adams,et al.  A further earthquake at exceptional depth beneath New Zealand (Note) , 1976 .

[46]  J. Ansell,et al.  Unfolding the Wadati-Benioff zone in the Kermadec-New Zealand region , 1986 .