Long‐term assessment of a multidisciplinary approach to thyroid nodule diagnostic evaluation

The diagnostic evaluation of patients with thyroid nodules is imprecise. Despite the benefits of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA), most patients who are referred for surgery because of abnormal cytology prove to have benign disease. Recent technologic and procedural advances suggest that this shortcoming can be mitigated, although few data confirm this benefit in unselected patients.

[1]  F. Rosner,et al.  Thyroid carcinoma in single cold nodules and in cold nodules of multinodular goiters. , 2000, Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists.

[2]  Z. Baloch,et al.  Is fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of multiple thyroid nodules justified? , 2006, Endocrine pathology.

[3]  P. Ladenson,et al.  Prospective multicenter study of thyroid carcinoma treatment , 1998 .

[4]  H. Gharib,et al.  Thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy: progress, practice, and pitfalls. , 2003, Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists.

[5]  P. McCarthy,et al.  Long-term follow-up of patients with benign thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytologic diagnoses. , 1989, Surgery.

[6]  H. Cramer Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid , 2000 .

[7]  L. Skoog,et al.  Expanding Role of Fine-needle Aspiration Cytology in Thyroid Diagnosis and Management , 2000, World Journal of Surgery.

[8]  J. Scurry,et al.  Thin layer compared to direct smear in thyroid fine needle aspiration , 2000, Cytopathology : official journal of the British Society for Clinical Cytology.

[9]  Kirk A Easley,et al.  ThinPrep versus conventional smear cytologic preparations in the analysis of thyroid fine-needle aspiration specimens. , 1995, American journal of clinical pathology.

[10]  P. Larsen,et al.  Prevalence and distribution of carcinoma in patients with solitary and multiple thyroid nodules on sonography. , 2006, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[11]  C. Compton,et al.  AJCC Cancer Staging Manual , 2002, Springer New York.

[12]  P. Larsen,et al.  Natural History of Benign Solid and Cystic Thyroid Nodules , 2003, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[13]  A. Afify,et al.  Cytologic artifacts and pitfalls of thyroid fine‐needle aspiration using ThinPrep® , 2001, Cancer.

[14]  Gerard M Doherty,et al.  Management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. , 2006, Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association.

[15]  E. Pearce,et al.  Clinical and histological characteristics of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: results of a retrospective study in 243 patients. , 2006, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[16]  A. Atri,et al.  Thyroid nodule shape and prediction of malignancy. , 2004, Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association.

[17]  S. Krishnamurthy,et al.  Ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid bed , 2001, Cancer.

[18]  W. Wiersinga,et al.  European consensus for the management of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma of the follicular epithelium. , 2006, European journal of endocrinology.

[19]  Jeffrey E. Lee,et al.  Fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid and correlation with histopathology in a contemporary series of 240 patients. , 2003, American journal of surgery.

[20]  P. Ladenson,et al.  Prospective multicenter study of thyroiscarcinoma treatment: initial analysis of staging and outcome. National Thyroid Cancer Treatment Cooperative Study Registry Group. , 1998, Cancer.

[21]  H. Gharib,et al.  Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of the Thyroid: An Appraisal , 1993, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[22]  S. Jhiang,et al.  Long-term impact of initial surgical and medical therapy on papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. , 1994, The American journal of medicine.

[23]  A. Sardi,et al.  Changing trends in thyroid surgery. 38 years' experience. , 1991, The American surgeon.

[24]  A. Pontecorvi,et al.  Diagnostic accuracy of conventional versus sonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules. , 1998, Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association.

[25]  S Chagnon,et al.  The diagnostic value of fine-needle aspiration biopsy under ultrasonography in nonfunctional thyroid nodules: a prospective study comparing cytologic and histologic findings. , 1994, The American journal of medicine.

[26]  I. Arda,et al.  Fine needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules , 2001, Archives of disease in childhood.

[27]  E. Berg,et al.  World Health Organization Classification of Tumours , 2002 .

[28]  A. Belfiore,et al.  Clinical behavior and outcome of papillary thyroid cancers smaller than 1.5 cm in diameter: study of 299 cases. , 2004, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[29]  H. Gharib,et al.  Continuing Controversies in the Management of Thyroid Nodules , 2005, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[30]  A. Belfiore,et al.  Cancer risk in patients with cold thyroid nodules: relevance of iodine intake, sex, age, and multinodularity. , 1992, The American journal of medicine.

[31]  E. Bergstralh,et al.  Predicting outcome in papillary thyroid carcinoma: development of a reliable prognostic scoring system in a cohort of 1779 patients surgically treated at one institution during 1940 through 1989. , 1993, Surgery.

[32]  Mary C Frates,et al.  Assessment of nondiagnostic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirations of thyroid nodules. , 2002, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[33]  R B Jeffrey,et al.  Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid masses. , 1998, Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association.

[34]  U. G. Dailey Cancer,Facts and Figures about. , 2022, Journal of the National Medical Association.

[35]  J. Chan,et al.  Papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid—Prognostic significance of lymph node metastasis and multifocality , 2003, Cancer.

[36]  H. Gharib,et al.  Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid. A 12-year experience with 11,000 biopsies. , 1993, Clinics in laboratory medicine.

[37]  P. Yeo,et al.  Pathological tumor-node-metastasis (pTNM) staging for papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas: a retrospective analysis of 700 patients. , 1997, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[38]  S. Mandel,et al.  Usefulness of Ultrasonography in the Management of Nodular Thyroid Disease , 2000, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[39]  R. DeLellis Pathology and genetics of tumours of endocrine organs , 2004 .

[40]  M. Sherman,et al.  Utility of thin‐layer preparations in thyroid fine‐needle aspiration , 1998, Cancer.

[41]  J. Serpell,et al.  Management of the solitary thyroid nodule. , 2008, The oncologist.

[42]  R. Tambouret,et al.  Ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid , 1999, Cancer.

[43]  R. Valeri,et al.  Use of a Thin-Layer Technique in Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration , 2006, Acta Cytologica.

[44]  H. Holm,et al.  US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules. , 2002, Acta radiologica.

[45]  H. Holm,et al.  US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules , 2002 .

[46]  L. Kivisaari,et al.  Clinical versus ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland in common clinical practice , 1992, Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU.