Hygroscopic bioactive light-cured composite promoting dentine bridge formation

Abstract A light-cured bioactive composite, TheraCal LC, is easy to handle and fast-setting. But poor water absorption restricted its bioactivity when applied in direct pulp capping (DPC). Enhancing the water absorption of resin-based bioactive materials may be key to optimizing biomineralization procedure of light-cured bioactive materials. We constructed a hygroscopic, light-cured bioactive composite made up of bioactive glass (BG), poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) and resin in this study. BG was encapsulated into a porogen (i.e. PEG) and mixed into resin matrix. Inductively coupled plasma showed that light-cured BG (LC-BG) exhibited faster ion release and more ion exchange than TheraCal LC did. The formation of macropores and hydroxyapatite crystal coatings on the BG microparticles was observed using scanning electron microscopy. The shear bond strength between the resin and LC-BG group did not significantly differ from the TheraCal LC group. CCK-8 assay showed that the LC-BG extract was nontoxic. Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that LC-BG upregulated odontogenic gene expression in human dental pulp cells. DPC assay proved that the LC-BG group exhibited no significant difference in dentin tubule formation (P = 0.659) or odontoblast-like cell layer formation (P = 0.155) from the TheraCal LC group, but exhibited significantly better integrity of the calcified bridge than the TheraCal LC group (P = 0.039); more DSPP-positive and DMP-1-positive cells were detected in the LC-BG group than in the TheraCal LC group. Although no significant difference in pulpal inflammatory cell infiltration was observed between the LC-BG group and the TheraCal LC group (P = 0.476), fewer interleukin 1β-positive and tumor necrosis factor α-positive cells were detected in the LC-BG group than in the TheraCal LC group. In conclusion, the newly developed hygroscopic LC-BG composite showed better bioactivity and odontogenic differentiation than the TheraCal LC did in vitro and induced better integrity of the calcified bridge than the TheraCal LC did in vivo.

[1]  Y. Chae,et al.  Biocompatibility and bioactivity of a dual-cured resin-based calcium silicate cement: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. , 2023, Journal of endodontics.

[2]  S. Batmaz,et al.  Comparative chemical properties, bioactivity, and cytotoxicity of resin-modified calcium silicate–based pulp capping materials on human dental pulp stem cells , 2022, Clinical Oral Investigations.

[3]  Azza S. Koura,et al.  A comparative histological study of the effect of TheraCal LC and biodentine on direct pulp capping in rabbits: an experimental study , 2022, Clinical Oral Investigations.

[4]  N. Lawson,et al.  Chemical and Physical Properties of Contemporary Pulp Capping Materials. , 2022, Pediatric dentistry.

[5]  S. Takenaka,et al.  Effect of a resin-modified calcium silicate cement on inflammatory cell infiltration and reparative dentin formation after pulpotomy in rat molars. , 2021, Australian endodontic journal : the journal of the Australian Society of Endodontology Inc.

[6]  R. Carvalho,et al.  Pulpal response to mineral trioxide aggregate containing phosphorylated pullulan-based capping material. , 2021, Dental materials journal.

[7]  Yemi Kim,et al.  Biological Characteristics and Odontogenic Differentiation Effects of Calcium Silicate-Based Pulp Capping Materials , 2021, Materials.

[8]  J. Li,et al.  Regeneration of pulp-dentine complex-like tissue in a rat experimental model under an inflammatory microenvironment using high phosphorous-containing bioactive glasses. , 2021, International endodontic journal.

[9]  Seoung-jin Hong,et al.  Differential Gene Expression Changes in Human Primary Dental Pulp Cells Treated with Biodentine and TheraCal LC Compared to MTA , 2020, Biomedicines.

[10]  Cem Peskersoy,et al.  Efficacy of different calcium silicate materials as pulp-capping agents: Randomized clinical trial , 2020, Journal of dental sciences.

[11]  S. Choi,et al.  Time-Dependent Response of Human Deciduous Tooth-Derived Dental Pulp Cells Treated with TheraCal LC: Functional Analysis of Gene Interactions Compared to MTA , 2020, Journal of clinical medicine.

[12]  D. Qiu,et al.  Bioactive Pore‐Forming Bone Adhesives Facilitating Cell Ingrowth for Fracture Healing , 2020, Advanced materials.

[13]  Saurav Paul,et al.  Comparative evaluation of the bond strength of self-adhering and bulk-fill flowable composites to MTA Plus, Dycal, Biodentine, and TheraCal: an in vitro study , 2020, Restorative dentistry & endodontics.

[14]  P. Laurent,et al.  Pulp capping materials modulate the balance between inflammation and regeneration. , 2019, Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials.

[15]  A. Abrantes,et al.  DIRECT PULP CAPPING: WHAT IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE THERAPY?—SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META‐ANALYSIS , 2018, The journal of evidence-based dental practice.

[16]  P. Laurent,et al.  Light‐cured Tricalcium Silicate Toxicity to the Dental Pulp , 2017, Journal of endodontics.

[17]  I. About,et al.  Human Pulp Responses to Partial Pulpotomy Treatment with TheraCal as Compared with Biodentine and ProRoot MTA: A Clinical Trial , 2017, Journal of endodontics.

[18]  T. Okiji,et al.  Bioactivity and biomineralization ability of calcium silicate‐based pulp‐capping materials after subcutaneous implantation , 2017, International endodontic journal.

[19]  W. Oh,et al.  Effects of a novel light‐curable material on odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells , 2017, International endodontic journal.

[20]  E. Jensen,et al.  Analysis of organic components in resin‐modified pulp capping materials: critical considerations , 2017, European journal of oral sciences.

[21]  D. Qiu,et al.  Regeneration of dental–pulp complex-like tissue using phytic acid derived bioactive glasses , 2017 .

[22]  C. Llena,et al.  Cytotoxicity and bioactivity of various pulpotomy materials on stem cells from human exfoliated primary teeth , 2017, International endodontic journal.

[23]  T. Okiji,et al.  Evaluation of the Ca ion release, pH and surface apatite formation of a prototype tricalcium silicate cement , 2017, International endodontic journal.

[24]  Z. Duymus,et al.  Evaluation of the bond strength of different adhesive agents to a resin-modified calcium silicate material (TheraCal LC). , 2016, Scanning.

[25]  E. Cengiz,et al.  Efficacy of Erbium, Chromium-doped:Yttrium, Scandium, Gallium, and Garnet Laser Irradiation Combined with Resin-based Tricalcium Silicate and Calcium Hydroxide on Direct Pulp Capping: A Randomized Clinical Trial. , 2016, Journal of endodontics.

[26]  S. Shi,et al.  Comparison of in vivo dental pulp responses to capping with iRoot BP Plus and mineral trioxide aggregate. , 2016, International endodontic journal.

[27]  M. Fan,et al.  Direct Pulp Capping with Calcium Hydroxide or Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: A Meta-analysis. , 2015, Journal of endodontics.

[28]  P. Laurent,et al.  Hydration of Biodentine, Theracal LC, and a prototype tricalcium silicate-based dentin replacement material after pulp capping in entire tooth cultures. , 2014, Journal of endodontics.

[29]  J. Camilleri.  Hydration characteristics of Biodentine and Theracal used as pulp capping materials. , 2014, Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials.

[30]  M. Cannon,et al.  Primate pulpal healing after exposure and TheraCal application. , 2014, The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry.

[31]  T. Watson,et al.  The physical characteristics of resin composite-calcium silicate interface as part of a layered/laminate adhesive restoration. , 2014, Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials.

[32]  Shin-Jae Lee,et al.  Prognostic factors for clinical outcomes according to time after direct pulp capping. , 2013, Journal of endodontics.

[33]  M. Gandolfi,et al.  Chemical-physical properties of TheraCal, a novel light-curable MTA-like material for pulp capping. , 2012, International endodontic journal.

[34]  邱东,et al.  Phytic acid derived bioactive CaO–P2O5–SiO2 gel-glasses , 2011 .

[35]  Panuroot Aguilar,et al.  Vital pulp therapy in vital permanent teeth with cariously exposed pulp: a systematic review. , 2011, Journal of endodontics.

[36]  T. Dammaschke.  Rat molar teeth as a study model for direct pulp capping research in dentistry , 2010, Laboratory animals.

[37]  N. Salako,et al.  Comparison of bioactive glass, mineral trioxide aggregate, ferric sulfate, and formocresol as pulpotomy agents in rat molar. , 2003, Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology.

[38]  B Oguntebi,et al.  Pulp Capping with Bioglass® and Autologous Demineralized Dentin in Miniature Swine , 1993, Journal of dental research.

[39]  W. Felippe,et al.  Effects of the addition of nanoparticulate calcium carbonate on setting time, dimensional change, compressive strength, solubility and pH of MTA , 2017, International endodontic journal.

[40]  Haewon Lee.  Comparative study of pulpal responses to pulpotomy with ProRoot MTA ® , RetroMTA ® , and TheraCal ® in dogs’ teeth , 2008 .