Experimental demonstration of non-near-field image formed by negative refraction

We have experimentally investigated the negative refraction and focusing by a two-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) made from a triangular lattice of metal-core dielectric-shell coated cylinders. At a certain frequency, the PC structure has an isotropic band at which the phase velocity is antiparallel to the group velocity. As a result, the PC structure can exhibit negative refraction and the corresponding effective refractive index can be close to the ideal value of -1. A flat lens formed from such a PC has been designed and its imaging properties have been investigated systematically. The measurement results show that the flat lens can form non-near-field images, and the source and image distance follow the conventional wave-beam negative refraction law for the refractive index of -1 irrespective of the slab thickness and the source distance.

[1]  C. Soukoulis,et al.  Subwavelength resolution in a two-dimensional photonic-crystal-based superlens. , 2003, Physical review letters.

[2]  Zhiyuan Li,et al.  Evaluation of lensing in photonic crystal slabs exhibiting negative refraction , 2003 .

[3]  Xiangdong Zhang.  Effect of interface and disorder on the far-field image in a two-dimensional photonic-crystal-based flat lens , 2005 .

[4]  G. Tayeb,et al.  Anomalous refractive properties of photonic crystals , 2000, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[5]  Steven G. Johnson,et al.  Subwavelength imaging in photonic crystals , 2003 .

[6]  Willie J Padilla,et al.  Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity , 2000, Physical review letters.

[7]  Srinivas Sridhar,et al.  Photonic crystals: Imaging by flat lens using negative refraction , 2003, Nature.

[8]  Steven G. Johnson,et al.  All-angle negative refraction without negative effective index , 2002 .

[9]  J. Pendry,et al.  Negative refraction makes a perfect lens , 2000, Physical review letters.

[10]  Xiwen Wang,et al.  Unrestricted superlensing in a triangular two dimensional photonic crystal. , 2004, Optics express.

[11]  Masaya Notomi,et al.  Superprism Phenomena in Photonic Crystals , 1998 .

[12]  Roger Andrews,et al.  Theory of photon statistics and squeezing in quantum interference of a sub-threshold parametric oscillator. , 2003, Optics express.

[13]  C. Soukoulis,et al.  Electromagnetic waves: Negative refraction by photonic crystals , 2003, Nature.

[14]  Creating all-angle negative refraction by using insertion , 2005 .

[15]  M. Qiu,et al.  Negative refraction at infrared wavelengths in a two-dimensional photonic crystal. , 2004, Physical review letters.

[16]  Xiangdong Zhang.  Tunable non-near-field focus and imaging of an unpolarized electromagnetic wave , 2005 .

[17]  Masaya Notomi,et al.  Theory of light propagation in strongly modulated photonic crystals: Refractionlike behavior in the vicinity of the photonic band gap , 2000 .

[18]  Xiangdong Zhang,et al.  Negative refraction and imaging using 12-fold-symmetry quasicrystals , 2005 .

[19]  Xiangdong Zhang.  Subwavelength far-field resolution in a square two-dimensional photonic crystal. , 2005, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[20]  John B. Pendry,et al.  Focus Issue: Negative Refraction and Metamaterials , 2003 .

[21]  Che Ting Chan,et al.  Photonic crystals with silver nanowires as a near-infrared superlens , 2004 .

[22]  R. Shelby,et al.  Experimental Verification of a Negative Index of Refraction , 2001, Science.

[23]  V. Veselago.  The Electrodynamics of Substances with Simultaneously Negative Values of ∊ and μ , 1968 .

[24]  Xiangdong Zhang,et al.  Absolute negative refraction and imaging of unpolarized electromagnetic waves by two-dimensional photonic crystals , 2004 .

[25]  Xiangdong Zhang Xiangdong Zhang.  Image resolution depending on slab thickness and object distance in a two-dimensional photonic-crystal-based superlens , 2004 .