Economic analysis of plug-in electric vehicle parking deck with dynamic pricing

A large number of plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) parking decks connected to the power systems will bring up many problems which need to be addressed. An emerging issue is that a PEV parking deck needs a systematic optimal price reference for tomorrow's operation on electricity sale prices and parking fees for customers. This paper introduces a system including a price mechanism and three charging scenarios for different types of PEV parking decks to maximize their total revenue for the next 24 hours. Because different types of parking decks have various traffic behaviors (e.g., arrival and departure distribution), this system provides an exclusive price reference for each parking deck operator according to its historical traffic behaviors. First, the mathematical model of this system is introduced considering the real world constraints. Second, the case studies are performed to simulate the real world charging scenarios over 24 hours. The results provide the marginal electricity sale price for operators to decide the electricity sale price for customers in order to maintain the total revenue for tomorrow's operation. Finally, the expected total revenues of the next 24 hours are given by using three charging scenarios after the price decision has been made.

[1]  M. Caramanis,et al.  Optimal Power Market Participation of Plug-In Electric Vehicles Pooled by Distribution Feeder , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[2]  Wencong Su,et al.  Framework for investigating the impact of PHEV charging on power distribution system and transportation network , 2012, IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.

[3]  Zechun Hu,et al.  Coordinated charging strategy for PEVs charging stations , 2012, PES 2012.

[4]  Saifur Rahman,et al.  Impact of TOU rates on distribution load shapes in a smart grid with PHEV penetration , 2010, IEEE PES T&D 2010.

[5]  Mo-Yuen Chow,et al.  Performance Evaluation of an EDA-Based Large-Scale Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Charging Algorithm , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[6]  Alex Q. Huang,et al.  Model predictive control-based power dispatch for distribution system considering plug-in electric vehicle uncertainty , 2014 .

[7]  Mo-Yuen Chow,et al.  A Survey on the Electrification of Transportation in a Smart Grid Environment , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[8]  Tony Markel,et al.  Costs and Emissions Associated with Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Charging in the Xcel Energy Colorado Service Territory , 2007 .

[9]  Wencong Su,et al.  Investigating a large-scale PHEV/PEV parking deck in a smart grid environment , 2011, 2011 North American Power Symposium.

[10]  Zhenhong Lin,et al.  Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Market Introduction Study: Final Report , 2010 .

[11]  Bo Geng,et al.  Two-Stage Charging Strategy for Plug-In Electric Vehicles at the Residential Transformer Level , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[12]  Mo-Yuen Chow,et al.  A digital testbed for a PHEV/PEV enabled parking lot in a Smart Grid environment , 2012, 2012 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT).

[13]  Mohammad A. S. Masoum,et al.  Real-Time Coordination of Plug-In Electric Vehicle Charging in Smart Grids to Minimize Power Losses and Improve Voltage Profile , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[14]  G. Rizzoni,et al.  Distribution of PEV charging resources to balance transformer life and customer satisfaction , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference.