A Survey on the Contributions of Software-Defined Networking to Traffic Engineering

Since the appearance of OpenFlow back in 2008, software-defined networking (SDN) has gained momentum. Although there are some discrepancies between the standards developing organizations working with SDN about what SDN is and how it is defined, they all outline traffic engineering (TE) as a key application. One of the most common objectives of TE is the congestion minimization, where techniques such as traffic splitting among multiple paths or advanced reservation systems are used. In such a scenario, this manuscript surveys the role of a comprehensive list of SDN protocols in TE solutions, in order to assess how these protocols can benefit TE. The SDN protocols have been categorized using the SDN architecture proposed by the open networking foundation, which differentiates among data-controller plane interfaces, application-controller plane interfaces, and management interfaces, in order to state how the interface type in which they operate influences TE. In addition, the impact of the SDN protocols on TE has been evaluated by comparing them with the path computation element (PCE)-based architecture. The PCE-based architecture has been selected to measure the impact of SDN on TE because it is the most novel TE architecture until the date, and because it already defines a set of metrics to measure the performance of TE solutions. We conclude that using the three types of interfaces simultaneously will result in more powerful and enhanced TE solutions, since they benefit TE in complementary ways.

[1]  Lei Liu,et al.  SDN orchestration of OpenFlow and GMPLS flexi-grid networks with a stateful hierarchical PCE [invited] , 2015, IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking.

[2]  Yakov Rekhter,et al.  Carrying Label Information in BGP-4 , 2001, RFC.

[3]  Eric C. Rosen,et al.  Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture , 2001, RFC.

[4]  Arturo Mayoral,et al.  Experimental Demonstration of H-PCE with BPG-LS in elastic optical networks , 2013 .

[5]  Wolfgang Kellerer,et al.  Survey on Network Virtualization Hypervisors for Software Defined Networking , 2015, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[6]  Lisandro Zambenedetti Granville,et al.  On the performance of COPS-PR and NETCONF in an integrated management environment for DiffServ-enabled networks , 2008, 2008 International Conference on Telecommunications.

[7]  Chen-Nee Chuah,et al.  Analysis of link failures in an IP backbone , 2002, IMW '02.

[8]  Preeti Singh,et al.  Application-aware aggregation and traffic engineering in a converged packet-circuit network , 2011, 2011 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[9]  Shigeki Yamada,et al.  A Software-Defined Networking Approach for Disaster-Resilient WANs , 2013, 2013 22nd International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks (ICCCN).

[10]  Fung Po Tso,et al.  Baatdaat: Measurement-based flow scheduling for cloud data centers , 2013, 2013 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC).

[11]  Eric C. Rosen,et al.  The New Routing Algorithm for the ARPANET , 1980, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[12]  Ning Wang,et al.  An empirical study on the interactions between ALTO-assisted P2P overlays and ISP networks , 2011, 2011 IEEE 36th Conference on Local Computer Networks.

[13]  Daniel O. Awduche,et al.  Requirements for Traffic Engineering Over MPLS , 1999, RFC.

[14]  Richard M. Karp,et al.  Theoretical Improvements in Algorithmic Efficiency for Network Flow Problems , 1972, Combinatorial Optimization.

[15]  Andrew T. Campbell,et al.  Open Signaling for ATM, INTERNET and Mobile Networks (OPENSIG'98) , 1999, OPSR.

[16]  Marivi Higuero,et al.  DynPaC: A Path Computation Framework for SDN , 2015, 2015 Fourth European Workshop on Software Defined Networks.

[17]  J. Noel Chiappa,et al.  The Nimrod Routing Architecture , 1996, RFC.

[18]  Jamal Hadi Salim,et al.  Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) Forwarding Element Model , 2010, RFC.

[19]  Ahmed Toumanari,et al.  Survey of Security in Software-Defined Network , 2017 .

[20]  Thierry Turletti,et al.  A Survey of Software-Defined Networking: Past, Present, and Future of Programmable Networks , 2014, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[21]  Gunjan Tank,et al.  Software-Defined Networking-The New Norm for Networks , 2012 .

[22]  Ligang Dong,et al.  Study of OSPF Routing Optimization among Forwarding Elements in the ForCES Router , 2013 .

[23]  Michael J. Freedman,et al.  Scalable, optimal flow routing in datacenters via local link balancing , 2013, CoNEXT.

[24]  Min Zhu,et al.  B4: experience with a globally-deployed software defined wan , 2013, SIGCOMM.

[25]  Pontus Sköldström,et al.  A Use-Case Based Analysis of Network Management Functions in the ONF SDN Model , 2012, 2012 European Workshop on Software Defined Networking.

[26]  José Soler,et al.  SDN-Based QoS Aware Network Service Provisioning , 2015, MSPN.

[27]  Adrian Farrel,et al.  IDEALIST control plane architecture for multi-domain flexi-grid optical networks , 2014, 2014 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC).

[28]  Pedro Gonçalves,et al.  NETCONF agent for link state monitoring , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[29]  Prasad Gorja,et al.  Extending open vSwitch to L4-L7 service aware OpenFlow switch , 2014, 2014 IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC).

[30]  Stenio F. L. Fernandes,et al.  A Software Engineering Perspective on SDN Programmability , 2016, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[31]  Jan Medved,et al.  Routing Information Base Info Model , 2013 .

[32]  D. O. Awduche,et al.  MPLS and traffic engineering in IP networks , 1999, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[33]  Otto Carlos Muniz Bandeira Duarte,et al.  OpenFlow and Xen-Based Virtual Network Migration , 2010, WCITD/NF.

[34]  David A. Maltz,et al.  Network-Wide Decision Making: Toward A Wafer-Thin Control Plane , 2004 .

[35]  Radu State,et al.  Making historical connections: Building Application Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) network and cost maps from public broadband data , 2014, 10th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM) and Workshop.

[36]  Nick Feamster,et al.  Design and implementation of a routing control platform , 2005, NSDI.

[37]  Martín Casado,et al.  Onix: A Distributed Control Platform for Large-scale Production Networks , 2010, OSDI.

[38]  Lisandro Zambenedetti Granville,et al.  Data Center Network Virtualization: A Survey , 2013, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[39]  Young-Tak Kim,et al.  Management of DiffServ-over-MPLS Transit Networks with BFD/OAM in ForCES Architecture , 2006, DSOM.

[40]  Kohei Ichikawa,et al.  A Multipath Controller for Accelerating GridFTP Transfer over SDN , 2015, 2015 IEEE 11th International Conference on e-Science.

[41]  Dave Ward,et al.  An Architecture for the Interface to the Routing System , 2016, RFC.

[42]  Mung Chiang,et al.  Cooperative content distribution and traffic engineering in an ISP network , 2009, SIGMETRICS '09.

[43]  Young-Tak Kim,et al.  Performance analysis of multi-layered protection switching with control-forwarding separation , 2012, 2012 14th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium (APNOMS).

[44]  Michael Menth,et al.  Load-dependent flow splitting for traffic engineering in resilient OpenFlow networks , 2015, 2015 International Conference and Workshops on Networked Systems (NetSys).

[45]  Biswanath Mukherjee,et al.  Software-defined optical networks (SDONs): a survey , 2014, Photonic Network Communications.

[46]  Dejan Kostic,et al.  What you need to know about SDN control and data planes , 2014 .

[47]  Dave Ward,et al.  Problem Statement for the Interface to the Routing System , 2016, RFC.

[48]  Nick Feamster,et al.  The road to SDN: an intellectual history of programmable networks , 2014, CCRV.

[49]  Sanyuan Zhang,et al.  Scheduling model and performance analysis in transport mapping layer of control element in forwarding and control element separation system , 2013, Int. J. Commun. Syst..

[50]  Adrian Farrel,et al.  North-Bound Distribution of Link-State and Traffic Engineering (TE) Information Using BGP , 2016, RFC.

[51]  P. Castoldi,et al.  Proactive Hierarchical PCE based on BGP-LS for Elastic Optical Networks , 2015, 2015 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[52]  Mark Scott,et al.  YANG Module for NETCONF Monitoring , 2010, RFC.

[53]  Spyros G. Denazis,et al.  SDN and ForCES based optimal network topology discovery , 2015, Proceedings of the 2015 1st IEEE Conference on Network Softwarization (NetSoft).

[54]  Mathieu Bouet,et al.  Implementing OpenFlow-based resilient network services , 2012, 2012 IEEE 1st International Conference on Cloud Networking (CLOUDNET).

[55]  F. Richard Yu,et al.  Wireless Network Virtualization: A Survey, Some Research Issues and Challenges , 2015, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[56]  George Varghese,et al.  CONGA: distributed congestion-aware load balancing for datacenters , 2015, SIGCOMM.

[57]  Mingwei Xu,et al.  Compact Route Computation: Improving Parallel BGP Route Processing for Scalable Routers , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing Workshops and Phd Forum.

[58]  Yakov Rekhter,et al.  A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4) , 1994, RFC.

[59]  Xin Huang,et al.  Tango: Simplifying SDN Control with Automatic Switch Property Inference, Abstraction, and Optimization , 2014, CoNEXT.

[60]  Stefano Giordano,et al.  On virtualization-aware traffic engineering in OpenFlow Data Centers networks , 2014, 2014 IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS).

[61]  Wei Zhang,et al.  Multipath transport based on application-level relay service and Traffic Optimization , 2014 .

[62]  Jamal Hadi Salim,et al.  Software-Defined Networking: Experimenting with the Control to Forwarding Plane Interface , 2012, 2012 European Workshop on Software Defined Networking.

[63]  Avri Doria,et al.  Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) Applicability Statement , 2010, RFC.

[64]  M. Casado,et al.  Virtual Switching in an Era of Advanced Edges , 2010 .

[65]  Vijay Mann,et al.  SwitchReduce: Reducing switch state and controller involvement in OpenFlow networks , 2013, 2013 IFIP Networking Conference.

[66]  Pin Lv,et al.  Control plane of software defined networks: A survey , 2015, Comput. Commun..

[67]  Srikanth Kandula,et al.  Achieving high utilization with software-driven WAN , 2013, SIGCOMM.

[68]  Juliano Oliveira,et al.  Experimental testbed of reconfigurable flexgrid optical network with virtualized GMPLS control plane and autonomic controls towards SDN , 2013, 2013 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave & Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC).

[69]  Kostas Katrinis,et al.  MiceTrap: Scalable traffic engineering of datacenter mice flows using OpenFlow , 2013, 2013 IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM 2013).

[70]  Alan L. Cox,et al.  Maestro: A System for Scalable OpenFlow Control , 2010 .

[71]  Piero Castoldi,et al.  First multi-partner demonstration of BGP-LS enabled inter-domain EON control with H-PCE , 2015, 2015 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[72]  Christian E. Hopps,et al.  Analysis of an Equal-Cost Multi-Path Algorithm , 2000, RFC.

[73]  Qi Hao,et al.  A Survey on Software-Defined Network and OpenFlow: From Concept to Implementation , 2014, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[74]  Takehiro Tsuritani,et al.  Optical Path Computation Element interworking with Network Management System for Transparent Mesh Networks , 2008, OFC/NFOEC 2008 - 2008 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[75]  Adrian Farrel,et al.  A PCE-Based Architecture for Application-Based Network Operations , 2015, RFC.

[76]  Zoltan Faigl,et al.  Application-layer traffic optimization in software-defined mobile networks: A proof-of-concept implementation , 2014, 2014 16th International Telecommunications Network Strategy and Planning Symposium (Networks).

[77]  Susan Hares,et al.  Network Programmability With ForCES , 2015, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[78]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  A roadmap for traffic engineering in SDN-OpenFlow networks , 2014, Comput. Networks.

[79]  David Johnson,et al.  Network architecture for joint failure recovery and traffic engineering , 2011, SIGMETRICS '11.

[80]  David L. Black,et al.  Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers , 1998, RFC.

[81]  Yonggang Wen,et al.  “ A Survey of Software Defined Networking , 2020 .

[82]  Yashar Ganjali,et al.  HyperFlow: A Distributed Control Plane for OpenFlow , 2010, INM/WREN.

[83]  Ram Dantu,et al.  Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) Framework , 2004, RFC.

[84]  Piotr Rygielski,et al.  Network Virtualization for QoS-Aware Resource Management in Cloud Data Centers: A Survey , 2013, Prax. Inf.verarb. Kommun..

[85]  Klara Nahrstedt,et al.  A distributed resource management architecture that supports advance reservations and co-allocation , 1999, 1999 Seventh International Workshop on Quality of Service. IWQoS'99. (Cat. No.98EX354).

[86]  Jean-Louis Le Roux,et al.  Path Computation Element (PCE) Communication Protocol Generic Requirements , 2006, RFC.

[87]  Odej Kao,et al.  Multiple service load-balancing with OpenFlow , 2012, 2012 IEEE 13th International Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing.

[88]  Wang Wendong,et al.  Autonomic QoS management mechanism in Software Defined Network , 2014, China Communications.

[89]  Biswanath Mukherjee,et al.  IP resilience within an autonomous system: current approaches, challenges, and future directions , 2005, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[90]  Zhenbin Li,et al.  Use Cases for an Interface to MPLS TE , 2014 .

[91]  Dongli Zhang,et al.  QoS Performance Analysis in Deployment of DiffServ-aware MPLS Traffic Engineering , 2007, Eighth ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD 2007).

[92]  Rob Sherwood,et al.  FlowVisor: A Network Virtualization Layer , 2009 .

[93]  Jürgen Schönwälder,et al.  Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) , 2011, RFC.

[94]  F. Richard Yu,et al.  Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks in Cloud Computing Environments: A Survey, Some Research Issues, and Challenges , 2016, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[95]  Rob Sherwood,et al.  OFLOPS: An Open Framework for OpenFlow Switch Evaluation , 2012, PAM.

[96]  Angela L. Chiu,et al.  Overview and Principles of Internet Traffic Engineering , 2002, RFC.

[97]  Lea Skorin-Kapov,et al.  Towards QoE-driven multimedia service negotiation and path optimization with software defined networking , 2012, SoftCOM 2012, 20th International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks.

[98]  Jamal Hadi Salim,et al.  Implementation Report for Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) , 2010, RFC.

[99]  Ll Gifre,et al.  Experimental validation of active frontend — Backend stateful PCE operations in flexgrid optical network re-optimization , 2014, 2014 The European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[100]  Deep Medhi,et al.  Routing, flow, and capacity design in communication and computer networks , 2004 .

[101]  Anees Shaikh,et al.  Programming your network at run-time for big data applications , 2012, HotSDN '12.

[102]  Jan Seedorf,et al.  Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Problem Statement , 2009 .

[103]  Carla Raffaelli,et al.  Standard-based approach to programmable hybrid networks , 2011, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[104]  Kijoon Chae,et al.  Key management mechanism in ALTO/SDN based CDNi architecture , 2015, 2015 International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN).

[105]  Vijay K. Gurbani,et al.  Monitoring and abstraction for networked clouds , 2012, 2012 16th International Conference on Intelligence in Next Generation Networks.

[106]  Didier Colle,et al.  Implementing Quality of Service for the Software Defined Networking Enabled Future Internet , 2014, 2014 Third European Workshop on Software Defined Networks.

[107]  Xirong Que,et al.  Autonomic QoS management mechanism in Software Defined Network , 2014 .

[108]  Peihe Tang,et al.  The Research of Local Area Storage Grid System , 2007 .

[109]  Jacobus E. van der Merwe,et al.  Switchlets and Dynamic Virtual ATM Networks , 1997, Integrated Network Management.

[110]  Ting Luo,et al.  Analyzing and designing of reliable multicast based on FEC in distributed switch , 2008, SPIE/OSA/IEEE Asia Communications and Photonics.

[111]  Andrei V. Gurtov,et al.  Security in Software Defined Networks: A Survey , 2015, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[112]  Bharath H. Ramaprasad,et al.  On extending ESnet's OSCARS with a multi-domain anycast service , 2012, 2012 16th International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modelling (ONDM).

[113]  Wang Weiming,et al.  Resource scheduling algorithm and ecnomic model in ForCES networks , 2014, China Communications.

[114]  Wolfgang Kellerer,et al.  Performance study of dynamic QoS management for OpenFlow-enabled SDN switches , 2015, 2015 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS).

[115]  Jim Esch,et al.  Software-Defined Networking: A Comprehensive Survey , 2015, Proc. IEEE.

[116]  Weiming Wang,et al.  Bandwidth Allocation Mechanism of ForCES Transport Mapping Layer Based on TCP/IP , 2007, 2007 IFIP International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing Workshops (NPC 2007).

[117]  Shengru Li,et al.  Flexible Traffic Engineering: When OpenFlow Meets Multi-Protocol IP-Forwarding , 2014, IEEE Communications Letters.

[118]  David Wetherall,et al.  Towards an active network architecture , 1996, CCRV.

[119]  Sergiu Nedevschi,et al.  Reducing Network Energy Consumption via Sleeping and Rate-Adaptation , 2008, NSDI.

[120]  Murali S. Kodialam,et al.  Traffic engineering in software defined networks , 2013, 2013 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM.

[121]  T. V. Lakshman,et al.  Abstracting network state in Software Defined Networks (SDN) for rendezvous services , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[122]  Luca Valcarenghi,et al.  Generalized SDN control for access/metro/core integration in the framework of the interface to the Routing System (I2RS) , 2013, 2013 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps).

[123]  Susan Hares.  I2RS protocol strawman , 2016 .

[124]  Reinaldo Penno,et al.  Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Protocol , 2014, RFC.

[125]  Benoit Claise,et al.  Cisco Systems NetFlow Services Export Version 9 , 2004, RFC.

[126]  Piero Castoldi,et al.  ITU-T RACF implementation for application-driven QoS control in MPLS networks , 2009, 2009 IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management.

[127]  David A. Maltz,et al.  Latency inflation with MPLS-based traffic engineering , 2011, IMC '11.

[128]  Nick McKeown,et al.  OpenFlow: enabling innovation in campus networks , 2008, CCRV.

[129]  Paul Hudak,et al.  Scaling Software-Defined Network Controllers on Multicore Servers , 2012 .

[130]  Michael Scharf,et al.  ATLAS: Accurate Topology Level-of-Detail Abstraction System , 2014, 2014 IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS).

[131]  Joe Mambretti,et al.  Multipathing with MPTCP and OpenFlow , 2012, 2012 SC Companion: High Performance Computing, Networking Storage and Analysis.

[132]  Martín Casado,et al.  Extending Networking into the Virtualization Layer , 2009, HotNets.

[133]  S. Urushidani,et al.  Flow Analysis System for Multi-Layer Service Networks , 2012, 2012 9th Asia-Pacific Symposium on Information and Telecommunication Technologies (APSITT).

[134]  EDDIE KOHLER,et al.  The click modular router , 2000, TOCS.

[135]  Adrian Farrel,et al.  A Path Computation Element (PCE)-Based Architecture , 2006, RFC.

[136]  Laurent Ciavaglia,et al.  Operator-Friendly Traffic Engineering in IP/MPLS Core Networks , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management.

[137]  T. V. Lakshman,et al.  RATES: a server for MPLS traffic engineering , 2000, IEEE Netw..

[138]  Byrav Ramamurthy,et al.  Network Innovation using OpenFlow: A Survey , 2014, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[139]  Vijay Srinivasan,et al.  RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP Tunnels , 2001, RFC.

[140]  Zdravko Bozakov,et al.  AutoSlice: automated and scalable slicing for software-defined networks , 2012, CoNEXT Student '12.

[141]  Rob Sherwood,et al.  The controller placement problem , 2012, HotSDN@SIGCOMM.

[142]  Weiming Wang,et al.  The Implementation of Multiple Virtual FEs and Their Backup in the ForCES Router , 2010, 2010 2nd International Workshop on Intelligent Systems and Applications.

[143]  Deniz Gurkan,et al.  OpenFlow-Based Network Management with Visualization of Managed Elements , 2014, 2014 Third GENI Research and Educational Experiment Workshop.

[144]  Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo,et al.  Security, Privacy, and Anonymity in Computation, Communication, and Storage , 2017, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[145]  Bruce S. Davie,et al.  The Open vSwitch Database Management Protocol , 2013, RFC.

[146]  Martin Bjorklund,et al.  YANG - A Data Modeling Language for the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) , 2010 .

[147]  Mourad Debbabi,et al.  A Survey and a Layered Taxonomy of Software-Defined Networking , 2014, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[148]  Victor O. K. Li,et al.  An Overview of Packet Reordering in Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): Problems, Solutions, and Challenges , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[149]  Bruno Sousa,et al.  The QueuePusher: Enabling Queue Management in OpenFlow , 2014, 2014 Third European Workshop on Software Defined Networks.

[150]  David Meyer,et al.  BGP-4 Protocol Analysis , 2006, RFC.

[151]  Pravin Varaiya,et al.  Heuristic methods for delay constrained least cost routing using /spl kappa/-shortest-paths , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[152]  Nick McKeown,et al.  MPLS with a simple OPEN control plane , 2011, 2011 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[153]  Alexander Shalimov,et al.  Advanced study of SDN/OpenFlow controllers , 2013 .

[154]  David H. Shur,et al.  IP over ATM: A Framework Document , 1996, RFC.