Cell Culture Imaging Using Microimpedance Tomography

We present a novel, inexpensive, and fast microimpedance tomography system for two-dimensional imaging of cell and tissue cultures. The system is based on four-electrode measurements using 16 planar microelectrodes (5 mum x 4 mm) integrated into a culture chamber. An Agilent 4294A impedance analyzer combined with a front-end amplifier is used for the impedance measurements. Two-dimensional images are obtained using a reconstruction algorithm. This system is capable of accurately resolving the shape and position of a human hair, yielding vertical cross sections of the object. Human epithelial stem cells (YF 29) are also grown directly on the device surface. Tissue growth can be followed over several days. A rapid resistivity decrease caused by permeabilized cell membranes is also monitored, suggesting that this technique can be used in electroporation studies.

[1]  Eugenia Wang,et al.  Use of electric cell-substrate impedance sensing as a tool for quantifying cytopathic effect in influenza A virus infected MDCK cells in real-time. , 2005, Journal of virological methods.

[2]  D. Oldenburg,et al.  METHODS FOR CALCULATING FRÉCHET DERIVATIVES AND SENSITIVITIES FOR THE NON‐LINEAR INVERSE PROBLEM: A COMPARATIVE STUDY1 , 1990 .

[3]  J. Schuman,et al.  Optical coherence tomography. , 2000, Science.

[4]  J. Lehr,et al.  A vector derivation useful in impedance plethysmographic field calculations. , 1972, IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering.

[5]  Pontus Linderholm,et al.  Bipolar resistivity profiling of 3D tissue culture. , 2007, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[6]  Holger Lehmann,et al.  Potential representation by independent configurations on a multi-electrode array , 1995 .

[7]  P.-A. Besse,et al.  Planar microcoil-based magnetic resonance imaging of cells , 2003, TRANSDUCERS '03. 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.03TH8664).

[8]  D. C. Barber,et al.  Three-dimensional electrical impedance tomography , 1996, Nature.

[9]  David R. S. Cumming,et al.  Modification of a CMOS microelectrode array for a bioimpedance imaging system , 2005 .

[10]  M. O'hare,et al.  Three-dimensional in vitro tissue culture models of breast cancer — a review , 2004, Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.

[11]  Robert Langer,et al.  Convergence in biomedical technology , 2006, Nature Biotechnology.

[12]  Thomas Braschler,et al.  Two-dimensional impedance imaging of cell migration and epithelial stratification. , 2006, Lab on a chip.

[13]  Klaus Spitzer,et al.  A dc resistivity and IP borehole survey at the Casa Berardi gold mine in northwestern Quebec , 2003 .

[14]  J. V. Hatfield,et al.  Silicon-based miniature sensor for electrical tomography , 2004 .

[15]  L. S. Edwards,et al.  A modified pseudosection for resistivity and IP , 1977 .

[16]  Kim C. O'Connor,et al.  Three-Dimensional Cultures of Prostatic Cells: Tissue Models for the Development of Novel Anti-Cancer Therapies , 1999, Pharmaceutical Research.

[17]  C. Lambiel,et al.  Assessing reliability of 2D resistivity imaging in mountain permafrost studies using the depth of investigation index method , 2003 .

[18]  Biwen Xu,et al.  Archaeological investigation by electrical resistivity tomography: a preliminary study , 1991 .

[19]  H Griffiths,et al.  An electrical impedance tomography microscope. , 1996, Physiological measurement.

[20]  J. Vane,et al.  Optical Projection Tomography as a Tool for 3D Microscopy and Gene Expression Studies , 2002 .

[21]  J. Khazanehdari,et al.  Variation in dynamic elastic shear modulus of sandstone upon fluid saturation and substitution , 2003 .

[22]  E. Gersing,et al.  Messung der elektrischen Impedanz von Organen — Apparative Ausrüstung für Forschung und klinische Anwendung - Measurement of Electrical Impedance in Organs – Measuring Equipment for Research and Clinical Applications , 1991 .

[23]  Y. Barrandon,et al.  Epithelial sodium channel in human epidermal keratinocytes: expression of its subunits and relation to sodium transport and differentiation. , 1999, Journal of cell science.

[24]  Richard H. Bayford,et al.  Three-Dimensional Electrical Impedance Tomography of Human Brain Activity , 2001, NeuroImage.

[25]  A. Binley,et al.  Vadose zone flow model parameterisation using cross-borehole radar and resistivity imaging , 2001 .

[26]  J. Wegener,et al.  Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) as a noninvasive means to monitor the kinetics of cell spreading to artificial surfaces. , 2000, Experimental cell research.

[27]  G. Keller,et al.  The Geoelectrical Methods in Geophysical Exploration , 1994 .

[28]  R. Wolke,et al.  Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares: Algorithms, Convergence Analysis, and Numerical Comparisons , 1988 .

[29]  R. Jacobs,et al.  Three-dimensional digital mouse atlas using high-resolution MRI. , 2001, Developmental biology.

[30]  Ruikang K. Wang,et al.  Investigation of optical coherence tomography as an imaging modality in tissue engineering , 2006, Physics in medicine and biology.

[31]  I. Giaever,et al.  Micromotion of mammalian cells measured electrically. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[32]  C. Soulsby,et al.  Applications of electrical impedance tomography in the gastrointestinal tract , 2004 .

[33]  Richard A Williams,et al.  Process Tomography: Principles, Techniques and Applications , 1995 .

[34]  T. Dahlin,et al.  A comparison of the Gauss-Newton and quasi-Newton methods in resistivity imaging inversion , 2002 .

[35]  H. Schwan,et al.  The Practical Success of Impedance Techniques from an Historical Perspective , 1999 .

[36]  Jenny Zhu,et al.  Label-free, real-time monitoring of IgE-mediated mast cell activation on microelectronic cell sensor arrays. , 2004, Journal of immunological methods.

[37]  Yann Barrandon,et al.  Location of stem cells of human hair follicles by clonal analysis , 1994, Cell.

[38]  C. T. Chan,et al.  Characterization of three-dimensional tissue cultures using electrical impedance spectroscopy. , 1999, Biophysical journal.