A Novel CCCII Realization of Biquadratic Filter

The general circuit of a novel continuous-time voltage-mode CCCII biquadratic filter is presented. Using this filter, the second-order low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, notch and all-pass filtering functions can be realized with suitably chosen input voltage. The parameters of the circuit are adjusted independently and the circuit is simple. The simulation results are given to verify the theoretical analysis.