Enriching web information scent for blind users

Link annotation with the accessibility level of the target Web page is an adaptive navigation support technique aimed at increasing blind users' orientation in Web sites. In this work, the accessibility level of a page is measured by exploiting data from evaluation reports produced by two automatic assessment tools. These tools support evaluation of accessibility and usability guideline-sets. As a result, links are annotated with a score that indicates the conformance of the target Web page to blind user accessibility and usability guidelines. A user test with 16 users was conducted in order to observe the strategies they followed when links were annotated with these scores. With annotated links, the navigation paradigm changed from sequential to browsing randomly through the subset of those links with high scores. Even if there was not a general agreement on the correspondence between scores and user perception of accessibility, users found annotations helpful when browsing through links related to a given topic.

[1]  Barbara Leporini,et al.  Flexible tool support for accessibility evaluation , 2006, Interact. Comput..

[2]  Markel Vigo,et al.  Enriching Information Retrieval Results with Web Accessibility Measurement , 2009, J. Web Eng..

[3]  Jozo J. Dujmovic A Method For Evaluation And Selection Of Complex Hardware And Software Systems , 1996, Int. CMG Conference.

[4]  Markel Vigo,et al.  Quantitative metrics for measuring web accessibility , 2007, W4A '07.

[5]  Gustavo Rossi,et al.  Measuring Web Application Quality with WebQEM , 2002, IEEE Multim..

[6]  Veljko Milutinovic,et al.  Neural Networks: Concepts, Applications, and Implementations , 1991 .

[7]  Rebecca Matson,et al.  Barriers to use: usability and content accessibility on the Web's most popular sites , 2000, CUU '00.

[8]  Aaron Allen,et al.  What Frustrates Screen Reader Users on the Web: A Study of 100 Blind Users , 2007, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact..

[9]  Jeffrey Nichols,et al.  Trailblazer: enabling blind users to blaze trails through the web , 2009, IUI.

[10]  Simon Harper,et al.  Gist summaries for visually impaired surfers , 2005, Assets '05.

[11]  Alfred Kobsa,et al.  User-tailored web accessibility evaluations , 2007, HT '07.

[12]  I. V. Ramakrishnan,et al.  Csurf: a context-driven non-visual web-browser , 2007, WWW '07.

[13]  Melody Y. Ivory,et al.  Search result exploration: a preliminary study of blind and sighted users' decision making and performance , 2004, CHI EA '04.

[14]  Hironobu Takagi,et al.  Analysis of navigability of Web applications for improving blind usability , 2007, TCHI.

[15]  Giorgio Brajnik,et al.  SAMBA: a semi-automatic method for measuring barriers of accessibility , 2007, Assets '07.

[16]  Carole A. Goble,et al.  The travails of visually impaired web travellers , 2000, HYPERTEXT '00.

[17]  Peter Pirolli,et al.  Information Foraging , 2009, Encyclopedia of Database Systems.

[18]  Barbara Leporini,et al.  Applying Web Usability Criteria for Vision-Impaired Users: Does It Really Improve Task Performance? , 2008, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact..

[19]  Paul P. Maglio,et al.  Facilitating navigation in information spaces: Road-signs on the World Wide Web , 1999, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[20]  Steven Pemberton The kiss of the spiderbot , 2003, INTR.

[21]  Carole A. Goble,et al.  Augmenting the mobility of profoundly blind Web travellers , 2005, New Rev. Hypermedia Multim..

[22]  George W. Furnas,et al.  Navigation in electronic worlds: a CHI 97 workshop , 1997, SGCH.

[23]  Richard E. Ladner,et al.  WebinSitu: a comparative analysis of blind and sighted browsing behavior , 2007, Assets '07.

[24]  Hironobu Takagi,et al.  Proposing new metrics to evaluate web usability for the blind , 2005, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[25]  Gregg C. Vanderheiden,et al.  Web content accessibility guidelines 1.0 , 2001, INTR.