Somatic embryogenesis in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.): improving culture initiation rates

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is one of the most important commercial trees in the U.S. To be successful for commercial use, soma- tic embryogenesis technology must work with a variety of genetically diverse seeds. Initiation rates of loblolly pine were improved through a combination of modified 1/2 P6 salts, activated carbon at 50-100 mgL -1 , Cu and Zn added to compensate for adsorption by activated carbon, 1.5% maltose, 2% myo-inositol, (to raise osmotic level partially simulating the ovule environment), 500 mg L -1 case amino acids, 450 mg L -1 glutamine, 2 mg L -1 NAA, 0.45 mg L -1 BAP, 0.43 mg L -1 kinetin, and 1.6-2 g L -1 Gelrite. Across 10 open-pollinated families, initiation rates ranged from 3-33%, averaging 16%.

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