Antimicrobial Stewardship Implementation in Nigerian Hospitals: Gaps and Challenges

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major clinical challenge globally. It is mainly a consequence of inappropriate prescribing and use of antibiotics. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) ensures that antibiotics are prescribed and used appropriately. This study assessed AMS practice in selected Nigerian hospitals.Methodology: This was a cross sectional survey of 20 Federal, State and Private tertiary hospitals randomly selected from the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Using an adapted WHO tool on AMS, data were collected from each hospital as regard the existence of AMS committee, Accountability and Responsibility, AMS actions, Education and Training, Monitoring and Evaluation, Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) practice, facilities to support AMS, and challenges to AMS implementation. Gaps and challenges to the implementation of the AMS among the hospitals were identified.Results: Only 6 (30%) of the 20 hospitals had AMS committees while 2 (10%) had any evidence of leadership commitment to AMS. All the hospitals had laboratory facilities to support culture and sensitivity testing. There were no regular AMS-related education or training, monitoring, evaluation or reporting activities in the hospitals, except in 7 (25%) that had participated in the global point prevalence survey (Global-PPS) of antimicrobial use and resistance being hosted by the University of Antwerp, Belgium. Challenges impeding AMS activities included lack of human and financial resources, prescribers’ opposition, lack of awareness and absence of AMS committees. Most of the gaps and challenges bordered on seeming lack of knowledge and inadequate communication among prescribers and other stakeholders.Conclusion: There is need for intense education and training activities for prescribers and other stakeholders, including but not limited to hospital administrators. Keywords: Survey, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antimicrobial Resistance; Nigeria   French title: Mise en œuvre de la gestion des antimicrobiens dans les hopitaux Nigerians: lacunes et defis Contexte: La resistance aux antimicrobiens (RAM) est un defi clinique majeur a l'echelle mondiale. C'estprincipalement une consequence d'une prescription et d'une utilisation inappropriees d'antibiotiques. La gestion des antimicrobiens (AMS) garantit que les antibiotiques sont prescrits et utilises de maniere appropriee. Cette etude a evalue la pratique de l'AMS dans certains hopitaux Nigerians. Methodologie: Il s'agissait d'une enquete transversale de 20 hopitaux tertiaires federaux, d'Etat et privesselectionnes au hasard dans les six zones geopolitiques du Nigeria. A l'aide d'un outil OMS adapte sur l'AMS, des donnees ont ete collectees aupres de chaque hopital en ce qui concerne l'existence d'un comite AMS, la responsabilite et la responsabilite, les actions AMS, l'education et la formation, le suivi et l'evaluation, la  pratique de prevention et de controle des infections (IPC), les installations pour soutenir l'AMS. et les defis de la mise en œuvre de l'AMS. Les lacunes et les defis lies a la mise en œuvre de l'AMS parmi les hopitaux ont ete identifies. Resultats: Seuls 6 (30%) des 20 hopitaux avaient des comites AMS tandis que 2 (10%) avaient des preuves d'engagement du leadership envers l'AMS. Tous les hopitaux disposaient d'installations de laboratoire pour soutenir la culture et les tests de sensibilite. Il n'y avait pas d'activites regulieres d'education ou de formation, de suivi, d'evaluation ou de rapportage liees a la MGS dans les hopitaux, sauf dans 7 (25%) qui avaient participe a l'enquete mondiale sur la prevalence ponctuelle (Global-PPS) de l'utilisation et de la resistance aux  antimicrobiens organisee par l'Universite d'Anvers, Belgique. Les defis entravant les activites de l'AMS  comprenaient le manque de ressources humaines et financieres, l'opposition des prescripteurs, le manque de sensibilisation et l'absence de comites AMS. La plupart des lacunes et des defis se limitaient a un manque apparent de connaissances et a une communication inadequate entre les prescripteurs et les autres intervenants.Conclusion: Des activites d'education et de formation intensives sont necessaires pour les prescripteurs et autres intervenants, y compris, mais sans s'y limiter, les administrateurs d'hopitaux. Mots cles: enquete, gestion des antimicrobiens, resistance aux antimicrobiens; Nigeria

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