Magnetic stimulation of the nervous system: Induced electric field in unbounded, semi-infinite, spherical, and cylindrical media

Knowledge of the electric field that is induced in the brain or the limbs is of importance in magnetic stimulation of the nervous system. Here, an analytical model based on the reciprocity theorem is used to compare the induced electric field in unbounded, semi-infinite, spherical, and cylinder-like volume conductors. Typical stimulation coil arrangements are considered, including the double coil and various orientations of the single coil. The results can be used to determine when the influence of the boundaries is negligible enough to allow the use of more simplified geometries.

[1]  P. Ravazzani,et al.  Magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex-theoretical considerations , 1991, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[2]  Mark Hallett,et al.  A theoretical calculation of the electric field induced by magnetic stimulation of a peripheral nerve , 1990, Muscle & nerve.

[3]  F Grandori,et al.  Transverse-field activation mechanism in magnetic stimulation of peripheral nerves. , 1996, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[4]  J. Sarvas.  Basic mathematical and electromagnetic concepts of the biomagnetic inverse problem. , 1987, Physics in medicine and biology.

[5]  L. Heller,et al.  Brain stimulation using electromagnetic sources: theoretical aspects. , 1992, Biophysical journal.

[6]  B N Cuffin,et al.  Developing a more focal magnetic stimulator. Part I: Some basic principles. , 1991, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

[7]  G Cerri,et al.  Computer modelling of brain cortex excitation by magnetic field pulses. , 1992, Journal of medical engineering & technology.

[8]  M.A. Stuchly,et al.  Quasi-static electric field in a cylindrical volume conductor induced by external coils [human body application] , 1994, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[9]  Paolo Ravazzani,et al.  Magnetic stimulation of peripheral nerves: computation of the induced electric field in a cylinder-like structure , 1995 .

[10]  A. S. Ferguson,et al.  Effect of surface boundary on neuronal magnetic stimulation , 1992, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[11]  D. A. Driscoll,et al.  Current Distribution in the Brain From Surface Electrodes , 1968, Anesthesia and analgesia.

[12]  B A Evans,et al.  Magnetic Stimulation of the Peripheral Nervous System , 1991, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

[13]  M.A. Stuchly,et al.  Neural stimulation with magnetic fields: analysis of induced electric fields , 1992, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[14]  P. Ravazzani,et al.  An analytical model to predict the electric field and excitation zones due to magnetic stimulation of peripheral nerves , 1995, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[15]  M Hallett,et al.  A theoretical calculation of the electric field induced in the cortex during magnetic stimulation. , 1991, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[16]  K. Harada,et al.  Localized stimulation of neural tissues in the brain by means of a paired configuration of time-varying magnetic fields , 1988 .

[17]  B. Neil Cuffin,et al.  Magnetic Fields of a Dipole in Special Volume Conductor Shapes , 1977, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[18]  K. Harada,et al.  Localized hyperthermia by means of a paired-coil configuration: Calculation of current distributions in cubical model , 1987 .

[19]  D. Durand,et al.  Effects of induced electric fields on finite neuronal structures: a simulation study , 1993, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[20]  H. Eaton.  Electric field induced in a spherical volume conductor from arbitrary coils: application to magnetic stimulation and MEG , 1992, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing.

[21]  D. Cohen,et al.  Developing a more focal magnetic stimulator. Part II: Fabricating coils and measuring induced current distributions. , 1991, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

[22]  A. Barker,et al.  NON-INVASIVE MAGNETIC STIMULATION OF HUMAN MOTOR CORTEX , 1985, The Lancet.

[23]  P S Tofts,et al.  The distribution of induced currents in magnetic stimulation of the nervous system. , 1990, Physics in medicine and biology.

[24]  P. Basser,et al.  A model of the stimulation of a nerve fiber by electromagnetic induction , 1990, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[25]  G. Tognola,et al.  A volume-conduction analysis of magnetic stimulation of peripheral nerves , 1996, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.