Generation of homogeneous parental lines for pepper hybrids.

The doubled haploid (DH) plant production has a history of several decades and has had a consistent connection with the breeding and research since then. The DH plants can be produced by androgenesis (anther culture, isolated microspore culture) and ginogenesis (ovary culture, ovulum culture, oocyta culture) based on the type of the targeted cells. The DH plant production methods based on androgenesis are applied to studying microspore embryogenesis, producing mapping populations, genetic transformation, in vitro selection or mutant selection. In pepper, DH plant production methods are improved because of breeding. Microspore culture is an alternative method for doubled haploid plant production, and has some advantages compared with anther culture: (1) Androgenesis is induced without somatic cell and tissue in isolated microspore culture. (2) Process of microspore culture (microspore embryogenesis) can be observed in a simpler way in isolated microspore culture than in anther culture. (3) Monitoring of the microspore culture can give more information to improve this method.