„Psychopathy”: Empirische Befunde zur gemütlosen Persönlichkeit

Zusammenfassung „Psychopathy“ stellt ein Konzept zur Beschreibung einer schweren Form der dissozialen Persönlichkeitsstörung dar. Die Fähigkeit für emotionales Erleben, Empathie, Kontrolle von aggressiven Impulsen und Lernen aus negativen Erfahrungen ist bei dieser forensisch auffallenden Gruppe von Straftätern stark beeinträchtigt. In Abgrenzung von dieser primären Persönlichkeitsstörung kann eine entsprechende dissoziale Störung auch sekundär posttraumatisch, „Pseudopsychopathy“, auftreten. Mit modernen bildgebenden Verfahren können strukturelle und funktionelle Veränderungen nachgewiesen werden, die auf ein neurobiologisches Korrelat der gestörten Emotionsregulation bei „Psychopathy“ hinweisen. Neben der historischen Entwicklung des „Psychopathy“-Konzeptes werden die klinischen Persönlichkeitseigenschaften, neurophysiologische und Bildgebungsbefunde unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Literatur dargestellt. Die Befunde legen ein neurobiologisches Modell zu Aggression und Emotion bei einer schweren dissozialen Persönlichkeitsstörung nahe; mögliche juristische Implikationen hinsichtlich der Schuldfähigkeitsbeurteilung von Straftätern mit dieser Störung werden diskutiert.

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