Josephson effect and quasi-particle states in d-wave superconductors

A general formula for the Josephson current in a d-wave/insulator/d-wave-superconductor junction is presented by taking account of the zero-energy states formed around the interfaces. For a fixed phase difference between the two superconductors, the current component becomes either positive or negative depending on the injection angle of the quasiparticle. Anomalous temperature dependences are predicted in the maximum Josephson current and in the free energy minima.