Functional Circuitry of the Basal Ganglia

1. The basal ganglia control voluntary movements and other higher brain functions through the multiple and parallel cortico-basal ganglia loops. 2. The output of the basal ganglia is controlled differentially by the hyperdirect, direct, and indirect pathways. 3. The basal ganglia are proposed to be involved in the focused selection of intended movements. 4. Each structure of the basal ganglia shows characteristic firing rates and patterns, and is somatotopically organized.

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