Hybrid-welding and the HyDRA MAG + LASER processes in shipbuilding

Welding processes of properties which are worth considering can be developed by combining laser welding with the consumable-electrode arc welding carried out in a gas shield (MIG–MAG). In theory, such combined processes have been known since the 1970s. A hybrid welding operation combines laser welding (with CO 2 or YAG: Nd lasers) and arc welding processes (TIG, MIG– MAG, or plasma welding) within the same operational zone (Fig. 1). Earlier investigations into this matter were mainly concerned with problems of a technical nature which would be likely to arise in the course of combining the two processes. In practice, as far as the implementation of the idea was concerned, those investigations eventually rendered positive results and so the actual use of such systems in industry, have become a reality. By combining the two processes, a new one, possessing significantly improved characteristics, was created. The interaction between two such processes produces synergic effects. Owing to this, it becomes possible to eliminate defects of either process (Fig. 2). Arc welding (in this case, welding with a consumable electrode in a gas shield) increases the tendency to generate deeper fusion in the groove edges not only because of the presence of additional filler material, but Welding International 2003 17 (10) 761–766 Selected from Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa 2003 47 (1) 51-55; Reference BI/03//51; Translation 3168