Die Urinuntersuchung bei Hund und Katze, Teil 2: Urinsedimentanalyse

Zusammenfassung Die Urinsedimentanalyse ist Teil einer Routine-Urinuntersuchung und dient der Identifikation von unlöslichen Urinbestandteilen. Sie wird vor allem für die Diagnose von Harnwegserkrankungen eingesetzt, kann aber auch bei der Diagnostik von systemischen Erkrankungen oder Vergiftungen hilfreich sein. Die Urinsedimentanalyse sollte idealerweise an frischem Urin durchgeführt werden, da es lagerungsbedingt zu Änderungen der Zellmorphologie, zur Zelllyse oder in-vitro-Kristallbildung kommen kann. Bei der manuellen Urinsedimentanalyse eignet sich ein ungefärbtes Nasspräparat zur Identifikation und Quantifizierung von Urinsedimentbestandteilen. Die Anfertigung gefärbter Nass- oder Trockenpräparate kann zur genaueren Differenzierung von Zellen und zum Nachweis von Bakterien notwendig sein. Seit einigen Jahren stehen ebenso automatische Urinsedimentanalysegeräte in der Tiermedizin zur Verfügung. Sie bringen eine große Zeit- und Personalersparnis mit sich, jedoch ist eine Verifizierung der automatisch generierten Ergebnisse durch erfahrene Untersucher nach wie vor notwendig. Häufig identifizierte und klinisch relevante Urinsedimentbestandteile sind Erythrozyten, Leukozyten, verschiedene Epithelzellarten, Kristalle und Zylinder sowie Bakterien. Weiterhin können Parasiteneier, Pilzhyphen, Fetttröpfchen, Spermien, Fasern, Haare, Schleim, Pflanzenbestandteile und Kontaminationen aus der Umwelt im Urinsediment vorkommen und die Interpretation der Ergebnisse erschweren.

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