A color image watermarking scheme based on color quantization

Digital watermarking has been widely applied to solve copyright protection problems of digital media relating to illegal use or distribution. In the past few years, several gray-level image watermarking schemes have been proposed, but their application to color image watermarking schemes is scarce and usually works on the luminance or individual color channel. In this paper, a new color image watermarking scheme based on the color quantization technique is proposed. Experimental results are shown to demonstrate the validity of the proposed scheme. Furthermore, the proposed scheme can be applied to other multimedia applications that are based on the color quantization technique.

[1]  Mauro Barni,et al.  Improved wavelet-based watermarking through pixel-wise masking , 2001, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[2]  Ja-Chen Lin,et al.  Color quantization by preserving color distribution features , 1999, Signal Process..

[3]  Gregory Joy,et al.  Center-cut for color-image quantization , 2005, The Visual Computer.

[4]  Wen-Hsiang Tsai,et al.  Reduction of color space dimensionality by moment-preserving thresholding and its application for edge detection in color images , 1996, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[5]  Frank Bossen,et al.  Digital signature of color images using amplitude modulation , 1997, Electronic Imaging.

[6]  Chin-Chen Chang,et al.  An Improved VQ Codebook Search Algorithm Using Principal Component Analysis , 1997, J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent..

[7]  Chin-Chen Chang,et al.  A Digital Watermarking Scheme Using Human Visual Effects , 2000, Informatica.

[8]  Paul S. Heckbert.  Color image quantization for frame buffer display , 1998 .

[9]  C. F. Osborne,et al.  A digital watermark , 1994, Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Image Processing.

[10]  Jeng-Shyang Pan,et al.  VQ-based digital image watermarking method , 2000 .

[11]  HeckbertPaul.  Color image quantization for frame buffer display , 1982 .

[12]  Mauro Barni,et al.  Exploiting the cross-correlation of RGB-channels for robust watermarking of color images , 1999, Proceedings 1999 International Conference on Image Processing (Cat. 99CH36348).

[13]  Mauro Barni,et al.  A DCT-domain system for robust image watermarking , 1998, Signal Process..

[14]  Shyi-Chyi Cheng,et al.  A fast and novel technique for color quantization using reduction of color space dimensionality , 2001, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[15]  Anamitra Makur,et al.  Variable dimension vector quantization based image watermarking , 2001, Signal Process..

[16]  Robert M. Gray,et al.  An Algorithm for Vector Quantizer Design , 1980, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[17]  Lale Akarun,et al.  Color quantization with genetic algorithms , 1998, Signal Process. Image Commun..

[18]  Xiaolin Wu,et al.  Color quantization by dynamic programming and principal analysis , 1992, TOGS.

[19]  Ian H. Witten,et al.  A FAST K-MEANS TYPE CLUSTERING ALGORITHM , 1985 .

[20]  P. Laguna,et al.  Signal Processing , 2002, Yearbook of Medical Informatics.