Understanding the mechanisms by which probiotics inhibit gastrointestinal pathogens.

[1]  S. Salminen,et al.  Specific probiotic strains and their combinations counteract adhesion of Enterobacter sakazakii to intestinal mucus. , 2008, FEMS microbiology letters.

[2]  B. Aggarwal,et al.  Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri promotes TNF‐induced apoptosis in human myeloid leukemia‐derived cells by modulation of NF‐κB and MAPK signalling , 2008, Cellular microbiology.

[3]  A. Hugo,et al.  Lactobacilli antagonize biological effects of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli in vitro , 2008, Letters in applied microbiology.

[4]  R. Pridmore,et al.  Hydrogen peroxide production by Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 and its role in anti-Salmonella activity. , 2008, FEMS microbiology letters.

[5]  Jung Mogg Kim,et al.  Conjugated linoleic acids produced by Lactobacillus dissociates IKK-γ and Hsp90 complex in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells , 2008, Laboratory Investigation.

[6]  A. Vestri,et al.  Probiotic administration in patients with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis is associated with expansion of mucosal regulatory cells , 2008, Inflammatory bowel diseases.

[7]  M. Kostrzynska,et al.  The effect of probiotics and organic acids on Shiga-toxin 2 gene expression in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. , 2008, Journal of microbiological methods.

[8]  K. Fellermann,et al.  Probiotic lactobacilli and VSL#3 induce enterocyte β‐defensin 2 , 2008, Clinical and experimental immunology.

[9]  A. Di Leo,et al.  Antagonistic Activity of Potential Probiotic Lactobacilli Against the Ureolytic Pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica , 2008, Current Microbiology.

[10]  E. Zoetendal,et al.  Clinical trial: multispecies probiotic supplementation alleviates the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and stabilizes intestinal microbiota , 2007, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[11]  R. Horvat.  RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS IN BACTERIOCINS , 2007 .

[12]  C. Hill,et al.  Impact of selected Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species on Listeria monocytogenes infection and the mucosal immune response. , 2007, FEMS immunology and medical microbiology.

[13]  K. Whelan,et al.  Evidence for the use of probiotics and prebiotics in inflammatory bowel disease: a review of clinical trials , 2007, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society.

[14]  M. Griffiths,et al.  Probiotics Affect Virulence-Related Gene Expression in Escherichia coli O157:H7 , 2007, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[15]  C. Hill,et al.  Bacteriocin production as a mechanism for the antiinfective activity of Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118 , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[16]  M. Schmidt,et al.  Molecular mechanisms underlying the probiotic effects of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 involve ZO‐2 and PKCζ redistribution resulting in tight junction and epithelial barrier repair , 2007, Cellular microbiology.

[17]  F. Shanahan,et al.  Gut microbiota: mining for therapeutic potential. , 2007, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[18]  A. Fanning,et al.  Functional modulation of human intestinal epithelial cell responses by Bifidobacterium infantis and Lactobacillus salivarius , 2006, Immunology.

[19]  M. Gotteland,et al.  Systematic review: are probiotics useful in controlling gastric colonization by Helicobacter pylori? , 2006, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[20]  F. Kok,et al.  Faecal SIgA secretion in infants fed on pre‐ or probiotic infant formula , 2006, Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.

[21]  G. Perdigón,et al.  The Probiotic Bacterium Lactobacillus casei Induces Activation of the Gut Mucosal Immune System through Innate Immunity , 2006, Clinical and Vaccine Immunology.

[22]  A. Senok,et al.  Probiotics: facts and myths. , 2005, Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.

[23]  R. P. Ross,et al.  Food microbiology: Bacteriocins: developing innate immunity for food , 2005, Nature Reviews Microbiology.

[24]  T. Tompkins,et al.  Probiotics Reduce Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7- and Enteropathogenic E. coli O127:H6-Induced Changes in Polarized T84 Epithelial Cell Monolayers by Reducing Bacterial Adhesion and Cytoskeletal Rearrangements , 2005, Infection and Immunity.

[25]  H. Tsen,et al.  Antagonistic activity against Salmonella infection in vitro and in vivo for two Lactobacillus strains from swine and poultry. , 2005, International journal of food microbiology.

[26]  P. Sherman,et al.  Amelioration of the effects of Citrobacter rodentium infection in mice by pretreatment with probiotics. , 2005, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[27]  A. Darfeuille‐Michaud,et al.  Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 Inhibits the Ability of Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli Isolated from Crohn's Disease Patients To Adhere to and To Invade Intestinal Epithelial Cells , 2005, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[28]  H. Qin,et al.  Effect of lactobacillus on the gut microflora and barrier function of the rats with abdominal infection. , 2005, World journal of gastroenterology.

[29]  M. Marinaro,et al.  Probiotics Ameliorate Recurrent Th1-Mediated Murine Colitis by Inducing IL-10 and IL-10-Dependent TGF-β-Bearing Regulatory Cells1 , 2005, The Journal of Immunology.

[30]  S. Walsh,et al.  Synbiotic therapy (Bifidobacterium longum/Synergy 1) initiates resolution of inflammation in patients with active ulcerative colitis: a randomised controlled pilot trial , 2005, Gut.

[31]  R. Sartor,et al.  Probiotic therapy of intestinal inflammation and infections , 2005, Current opinion in gastroenterology.

[32]  P. Brigidi,et al.  Modulation of human dendritic cell phenotype and function by probiotic bacteria , 2004, Gut.

[33]  S. Nuding,et al.  NF-κB- and AP-1-Mediated Induction of Human Beta Defensin-2 in Intestinal Epithelial Cells by Escherichia coli Nissle 1917: a Novel Effect of a Probiotic Bacterium , 2004, Infection and Immunity.

[34]  Laurent Beaugerie,et al.  High prevalence of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli associated with ileal mucosa in Crohn's disease. , 2004, Gastroenterology.

[35]  Aristóbolo Mendes Silva,et al.  Effect of Bifidobacterium longum ingestion on experimental salmonellosis in mice , 2004, Journal of applied microbiology.

[36]  N. Cerf-Bensussan,et al.  Lactic acid bacteria secrete metabolites retaining anti-inflammatory properties after intestinal transport , 2004, Gut.

[37]  C. De Simone,et al.  DNA from probiotic bacteria modulates murine and human epithelial and immune function. , 2004, Gastroenterology.

[38]  T. Oelschlaeger,et al.  The probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 interferes with invasion of human intestinal epithelial cells by different enteroinvasive bacterial pathogens. , 2004, FEMS immunology and medical microbiology.

[39]  Y. Takeda,et al.  Probiotic Bifidobacteria Protect Mice from Lethal Infection with Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 , 2004, Infection and Immunity.

[40]  C. Lacroix,et al.  Production of antibacterial substances by bifidobacterial isolates from infant stool active against Listeria monocytogenes , 2003, Journal of applied microbiology.

[41]  F. Guarner,et al.  The intestine and its microflora are partners for the protection of the host: report on the Danone Symposium "The Intelligent Intestine," held in Paris, June 14, 2002. , 2003, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[42]  B. Sartor,et al.  Targeting enteric bacteria in treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases: why, how, and when , 2003, Current opinion in gastroenterology.

[43]  M. Hollingsworth,et al.  Extracellular MUC3 mucin secretion follows adherence of Lactobacillus strains to intestinal epithelial cells in vitro , 2003, Gut.

[44]  D. Teitelbaum,et al.  Probiotics up-regulate MUC-2 mucin gene expression in a Caco-2 cell-culture model , 2002, Pediatric Surgery International.

[45]  C. De Simone,et al.  Probiotic bacteria enhance murine and human intestinal epithelial barrier function. , 2001, Gastroenterology.

[46]  P. Gopal,et al.  In vitro adherence properties of Lactobacillus rhamnosus DR20 and Bifidobacterium lactis DR10 strains and their antagonistic activity against an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. , 2001, International journal of food microbiology.

[47]  F. Shanahan,et al.  Probiotic impact on microbial flora, inflammation and tumour development in IL‐10 knockout mice , 2001, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[48]  F. Shanahan,et al.  Probiotics in inflamatory bowel disease , 2001, Gut.

[49]  W. Liu,et al.  Isolation and characterization of a new bacteriocin from Lactobacillus gasseri KT7 , 2000, Journal of applied microbiology.

[50]  I. Julkunen,et al.  Lactobacilli and Streptococci Activate NF-κB and STAT Signaling Pathways in Human Macrophages1 , 2000, The Journal of Immunology.

[51]  R. Rolfe.  The role of probiotic cultures in the control of gastrointestinal health. , 2000, The Journal of nutrition.

[52]  P. Brigidi,et al.  Impact on the composition of the faecal flora by a new probiotic preparation: preliminary data on maintenance treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis , 1999, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[53]  M. Hollingsworth,et al.  Probiotics inhibit enteropathogenic E. coliadherence in vitro by inducing intestinal mucin gene expression. , 1999, American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology.

[54]  Y. Koga,et al.  Lactic acid-mediated suppression of Helicobacter pylori by the oral administration of Lactobacillus salivarius as a probiotic in a gnotobiotic murine model , 1998, American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[55]  T. Mitsuoka,et al.  Effect of a probiotic formula on intestinal immunoglobulin A production in healthy children. , 1998, International journal of food microbiology.

[56]  Cook Si,et al.  Review article: short chain fatty acids in health and disease , 1998 .

[57]  J. H. I. Huis in't Veld,et al.  Overview of gut flora and probiotics. , 1998, International journal of food microbiology.

[58]  Y. Kim,et al.  Localization of mucin (MUC2 and MUC3) messenger RNA and peptide expression in human normal intestine and colon cancer. , 1994, Gastroenterology.

[59]  M. Levitt,et al.  Lactose malabsorption from yogurt, pasteurized yogurt, sweet acidophilus milk, and cultured milk in lactase-deficient individuals. , 1984, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[60]  Hiroyuki Tanaka,et al.  Lactobacillus Acidophilus strain L-92 regulates the production of Th1 cytokine as well as Th2 cytokines. , 2007, Allergology international : official journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology.

[61]  S. Zanetti,et al.  Mycobacterium avium sub. paratuberculosis in tissue samples of Crohn's disease patients. , 2004, The new microbiologica.

[62]  S. Pettersson,et al.  Commensal anaerobic gut bacteria attenuate inflammation by regulating nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of PPAR-γ and RelA , 2004, Nature Immunology.