Book Review: PSYCHOTHERAPY AND MEDICATION: THE CHALLENGE OF INTEGRATION. By Fredric N. Busch and Larry S. Sandberg. New York: The Analytic Press, 2007, 177 pp., $39.95

surmised. Though Freud developed intellectually in a medical world mired in physicality, he ultimately broke free of this straitjacket and launched a theory more clearly rooted not in the writings and insights of fellow psychiatrists but in the literary productions of, for instance, Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex and Shakespeare’s Hamlet. More proximally, Freud absorbed a literary zeitgeist in which nineteenth­century writers like Flaubert, Ibsen, Tolstoy, and, yes, Arthur Schnitzler penned works about women stifled by society and circumstances. Their desperation drove them to acts far more aberrant than those of Charcot’s thirty­four­ year­old hysteric, Krafft­Ebing’s unfortunate Russian nobleman, or Janet’s anguished Justine.