Time Evolution of Satellite‐Based Optical Properties in Lightning Flashes, and its Impact on GLM Flash Detection

[1]  Eric C. Bruning,et al.  Initial Geostationary Lightning Mapper Observations , 2019, Geophysical Research Letters.

[2]  S. Miller,et al.  Geostationary Lightning Mapper and Earth Networks Lightning Detection Over the Contiguous United States and Dependence on Flash Characteristics , 2019, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres.

[3]  K. Cummins,et al.  Ground- and Space-based Observations of Horizontally-extensive Lightning Flashes , 2017 .

[4]  Retha M. Mecikalski,et al.  Why Flash Type Matters: A Statistical Analysis , 2017 .

[5]  Richard J. Blakeslee,et al.  Performance Assessment of the Optical Transient Detector and Lightning Imaging Sensor. Part I: Predicted Diurnal Variability , 2002 .

[6]  S. Rutledge,et al.  Climatological analyses of LMA data with an open‐source lightning flash‐clustering algorithm , 2016 .

[7]  Richard J. Blakeslee,et al.  Gridded lightning climatology from TRMM-LIS and OTD: Dataset description , 2014 .

[8]  P. Krehbiel,et al.  Accuracy of the Lightning Mapping Array , 2003 .

[9]  W. D. Rust,et al.  Formation of Charge Structures in a Supercell , 2010 .

[10]  Douglas M. Mach,et al.  Geostationary Lightning Mapper Clustering Algorithm Stability , 2020, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres.

[11]  Douglas M. Mach,et al.  Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) on the International Space Station (ISS): Path to Attaining Level 1 Science Requirements and Early Results in Year One , 2016 .

[12]  K. Cummins,et al.  Combined Satellite- and Surface-Based Estimation of the Intracloud Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Ratio over the Continental United States , 2001 .

[13]  Eric C. Bruning,et al.  Theory and Observations of Controls on Lightning Flash Size Spectra , 2013 .

[14]  W. J. Koshak,et al.  Optical Characteristics of OTD Flashes and the Implications for Flash-Type Discrimination , 2010 .

[15]  E. P. Krider,et al.  The effects of clouds on the light produced by lightning , 1982 .

[16]  T. E. Light,et al.  Coincident radio frequency and optical emissions from lightning, observed with the FORTE satellite , 2001 .

[17]  Z. Kawasaki,et al.  Cross-sensor comparison of the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) , 2002 .

[18]  William J. Koshak,et al.  Evaluation of the Performance Characteristics of the Lightning Imaging Sensor , 2019, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology.

[19]  Richard J. Blakeslee,et al.  Performance Assessment of the Optical Transient Detector and Lightning Imaging Sensor. Part 2; Clustering Algorithm , 2007 .

[20]  R. Thomas,et al.  Lightning channel length and flash energy determined from moments of the flash area distribution , 2015 .

[21]  W. David Rust,et al.  A Comparison of the Optical Pulse Characteristics of Intracloud and Cloud-to-Ground Lightning as Observed above Clouds. , 1988 .

[22]  William J. Koshak,et al.  The GOES-R GeoStationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) , 2012 .

[23]  M. D. Tran,et al.  A study of National Lightning Detection Network responses to natural lightning based on ground truth data acquired at LOG with emphasis on cloud discharge activity , 2016 .

[24]  W. Koshak,et al.  A Method for Retrieving the Ground Flash Fraction and Flash Type from Satellite Lightning Mapper Observations , 2015 .

[25]  Richard J. Blakeslee,et al.  TRMM LIS Climatology of Thunderstorm Occurrence and Conditional Lightning Flash Rates , 2015 .

[26]  W. J. Koshak,et al.  A Mixed Exponential Distribution Model for Retrieving Ground Flash Fraction from Satellite Lightning Imager Data , 2011 .

[27]  Steven J. Goodman,et al.  Comparison of ground‐based 3‐dimensional lightning mapping observations with satellite‐based LIS observations in Oklahoma , 2000 .

[28]  Eric C. Bruning,et al.  Lightning Mapping Array flash detection performance with variable receiver thresholds , 2016, Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres : JGR.

[29]  K.L. Cummins,et al.  An Overview of Lightning Locating Systems: History, Techniques, and Data Uses, With an In-Depth Look at the U.S. NLDN , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility.

[30]  Retha M. Mecikalski,et al.  Radar Reflectivity and Altitude Distributions of Lightning as a Function of IC, CG, and HY Flashes: Implications for LNOx Production , 2018, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres.