Emergency braking: a study of network and application performance

Safety applications are among the key drivers in VANET research. Their study is complex as it encompasses different disciplines, from wireless networking to car dynamics, to drivers' behavior, not to mention the economic and legal aspects. This work presents a simulative study of emergency braking applications tackled by embedding a mobility, cars' dynamic, and driver's behavior model into a detailed networking simulator (ns-3). The results, derived both at the network and at the application level, capture correctly the interactions of the communications and protocols with the car's adaptive cruise control system and the driver's behavior for cars that are not equipped with communication devices. The paper presents in detail the improvements we contribute in simulation techniques and model completeness. It introduces a novel and easy message aggregation technique to empower message re-propagation while controlling the network load during the peak due to the emergency braking. Finally it discusses the effectiveness of such applications as a function of the market penetration rate, showing that even cars that are not equipped with communication devices benefit from the smoother and earlier reaction of those cars that can communicate and whose adaptive cruise control implements a correct deceleration strategy.

[1]  O. Tonguz,et al.  Broadcasting in VANET , 2007, 2007 Mobile Networking for Vehicular Environments.

[2]  Bart van Arem,et al.  The Impact of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control on Traffic-Flow Characteristics , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[3]  Hui Chen,et al.  Wireless local danger warning using inter-vehicle communications in highway scenarios , 2008, 2008 14th European Wireless Conference.

[4]  Dirk Helbing,et al.  Delays, inaccuracies and anticipation in microscopic traffic models , 2006 .

[5]  Eylem Ekici,et al.  Urban multi-hop broadcast protocol for inter-vehicle communication systems , 2004, VANET '04.

[6]  Yu-Chee Tseng,et al.  The Broadcast Storm Problem in a Mobile Ad Hoc Network , 1999, Wirel. Networks.

[7]  Wang-Rong Chang,et al.  TrafficGather: An Efficient and Scalable Data Collection Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2008, 2008 5th IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference.

[8]  Ozan K. Tonguz,et al.  On the Broadcast Storm Problem in Ad hoc Wireless Networks , 2006, 2006 3rd International Conference on Broadband Communications, Networks and Systems.

[9]  L. Briesemeister,et al.  Disseminating messages among highly mobile hosts based on inter-vehicle communication , 2000, Proceedings of the IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium 2000 (Cat. No.00TH8511).

[10]  G. Batchelor,et al.  An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics , 1968 .

[11]  Abdelmalik Bachir,et al.  A multicast protocol in ad hoc networks inter-vehicle geocast , 2003, The 57th IEEE Semiannual Vehicular Technology Conference, 2003. VTC 2003-Spring..

[12]  Michele C. Weigle,et al.  Highway mobility and vehicular ad-hoc networks in ns-3 , 2010, Proceedings of the 2010 Winter Simulation Conference.

[13]  Luca Delgrossi,et al.  Optimal data rate selection for vehicle safety communications , 2008, VANET '08.

[14]  Martin Treiber,et al.  Realistische Mikrosimulation von Straßenverkehr mit einem einfachen Modell , 2004 .

[15]  Yih-Chun Hu,et al.  Communication requirements for crash avoidance , 2010, VANET '10.

[16]  Robbert van Renesse,et al.  MISTRAL: efficient flooding in mobile ad-hoc networks , 2006, MobiHoc '06.

[17]  Mohammad Nekoui,et al.  Fundamental tradeoffs in vehicular ad hoc networks , 2010, VANET '10.

[18]  K. Ibrahim,et al.  CASCADE: Cluster-Based Accurate Syntactic Compression of Aggregated Data in VANETs , 2008, 2008 IEEE Globecom Workshops.

[19]  J. Gozalvez,et al.  On the importance of application requirements in cooperative vehicular communications , 2011, 2011 Eighth International Conference on Wireless On-Demand Network Systems and Services.

[20]  Helbing,et al.  Congested traffic states in empirical observations and microscopic simulations , 2000, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics.

[21]  Joseph Y. Halpern,et al.  Gossip-based ad hoc routing , 2002, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[22]  Ming Li,et al.  Opportunistic broadcast of emergency messages in vehicular ad hoc networks with unreliable links , 2008, QShine '08.